What Can We See in a Logo?

We see hundreds of logos on signs, vehicles, websites, and even on the clothes we wear. All of these logos are designed to attract our attention. 【小题1】 However, recently research supports the idea that remembering what a logo looks like is a very difficult task.

Researchers gave 85 students a simple assignment to draw the Apple logo purely from memory. Surprisingly, only one student in the study could accurately draw the logo from memory. 【小题2】 Researchers have developed a theory that they think might help to explain this blind spot in our memories.

Logos are typically designed to be simple and easy to recognize with a quick glance. Yet the frequent exposure to these logos can actually make our brains overlook them. This process is known as “attentional saturation (注意力饱和).” 【小题3】

Even though the brain is accustomed to ignoring unnecessary details, it is also programmed for recognition. When we see images such as logos over and over again, we become familiar with them. This constant exposure leads to something scientists refer to as gist (梗概) memory. 【小题4】 This general sense of memory has its own benefits. In fact, familiarity with a popular logo can even make people feel more comfortable about purchasing or using certain products.

Logos are everywhere we look today. A fancy design or a thoughtful color combination may be a good start for a logo concept, but there are other factors to consider. 【小题5】 A clever design may be interesting, but most people will forget the details—especially if our brains have anything to say about it.

Nowadays, plastic waste is a challenging problem all over the world. Scientist worldwide are working hard to find ways to recycle the plastic wastes to save the earth from the white disaster.

Australian scientists have found a species of worm that can eat polystyrene (聚苯乙烯) could be the key to plastic recycling. Researchers from the University of Queensland in Australia discovered the common Zophobas morio “superworm” can eat through polystyrene, thanks to a bacterial enzyme (酶) in their gut (肠道).

Dr. Chris Rinke and his team from UQ’s School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences fed superworms different diets over a three-week period, with some given polystyrene, some grain and others had nothing to eat. “We found the superworms fed a diet of just polystyrene not only survived, but even had slight weight gains,” Dr. Rinke said. “This suggests the worms can get energy from the polystyrene, most likely with the help of the microbes (微生物) in their guts.” “Superworms are like mini recycling plants, tearing the polystyrene into pieces with their mouths and then feeding it to the bacteria in their gut,” Dr. Rinke said.

It’s hoped this bio-upcycling will increase plastic waste recycling and reduce landfill. The long-term goal is to engineer enzymes to degrade (分解) plastic waste in recycling plants through mechanical shredding, and when plastic waste is torn into pieces, bacterial enzyme from the superworms can finish the enzymatic biodegradation process.

Co-author of the research, Jiarui Sun, said they aim to grow the gut bacteria in the lab and further test its ability to degrade polystyrene. “We can then look into how we can improve this process to a level required for an entire recycling plant,” Ms. Sun said.

Acid rain is very harmful to the environment because it makes living things die. Acid rain affects life in the water as well as life on the land. It is even worse in the water because the fish need the water to breathe. When the water gets polluted, the fish get sick and end up dying.

All rainwater contains some level acidity. Acidity is measured by PH, which stands for potential of hydrogen(氢). The PH scale measures the amount of acid in a substance. PH is measured on a scale from 0 to 14, with 7 being neutral(中性的). The lower the number is on the PH scale, the more acidic that substance is. Normal rainwater has a PH of 5. 6. When the PH level of rainwater goes below 5. 6, it is considered acid rain.

All of the sea life will die when the water becomes too acidic. For example, all fish will die when the water goes below a PH of 4. 5. Most of the frogs and insects that live around the water will also die when the water reaches a PH of 4. 5. When the water has a PH of 5. 5, all of the bottom-dwelling bacterial decomposers(分解体), animals that eat the remains of the food that other animals don’t want, will begin to die. When these decomposers die, they will leave the under-composed food on the bottom. This will make the water dirty and polluted. All fresh water shrimps(虾) will die when the water has a PH of 6. 0. Aquatic plants will grow the best when the water has a PH between 7. 0 and 9. 2. If the acid rain problem gets worse. all of the sea life will eventually be gone.