Chinese seal (印章) carving originated during the Shang Dynasty. In the beginning, the characters carved on seals were the same as 【小题1】 (that) used in writing, such as Xiaozhuan of the Qin Dynasty. However, with Chinese writing 【小题2】 (become) increasingly standardized and simplified, it became a tradition to use Xiaozhuan for seals.

In ancient times, seals were regarded as 【小题3】 guarantee of authenticity (真实性). Today, they are more of a sign of authority of a legal person 【小题4】 an artwork.

After the Qin Dynasty, materials for seals were 【小题5】 (strict)classified. Jade (玉) was only used for emperors, gold and silver for high-ranking 【小题6】 (office) and copper (铜) for the low ranks. Various types of stones were used from the Song Dynasty,   【小题7】 led to a boom for seal carving.

【小题8】 (early), seal carving was accomplished only by workers. During the Song Dynasty, scholars and artists began to get involved in it. They combined seal carving with calligraphy and painting,   【小题9】 (make) this traditional art more popular in China.

To protect this artistic treasure, Chinese seal carving 【小题10】 (include) on the UNESCO Representative List of Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity in 2009.

The tea culture of China is 【小题1】（amaze） and has a long history． Tea drinking was widespread in China for about one thousand years before 【小题2】（appear） in Europe．

Tea drinking in China enjoys wide 【小题3】（popular）． Many people today go to expensively decorated tea houses to talk business． However， tea drinking is very complex．【小题4】pleasant experience of tea drinking is up to many factors（因素）． It starts with the surroundings． In the past， tea drinking took place in an environment 【小题5】 people can enjoy antique beauty and natural beauty and relax【小题6】（they）． Nowadays， in order to create such atmosphere， tea houses 【小题7】（decorate） with traditional paintings and furniture． Besides， there are often【小题8】（performance） of traditional Chinese musical instruments， such as the guzheng， pipa and erhu．

Black tea together 【小题9】 green tea， Oolong tea and Pu'er tea ranks the top four favourites． The first three types of tea are processed using similar methods but pu'er tea is made with a 【小题10】（total） different method．

At the beginning, written Chinese was a picture-based language. It dates back several thousand years to the use of animal bones and shells on which symbols【小题1】( carve) by ancient Chinese people. Some of the ancient symbols can still be seen in today’s hanzi.

By the Shang Dynasty, these symbols【小题2】(become) a well-developed writing system. Over the years, the system developed into different forms，as it was a time when people were divided geographically,【小题3】(lead) to many varieties of dialects characters. This,【小题4】, changed under the rule of Emperor Qinshihuang of the Qin Dynasty.

Emperor Qinshihuang made the seven major states into one【小题5】( unite) country where the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction. That writing system was【小题6】great importance in uniting the Chinese people and culture. Even today, no matter where Chinese people live or【小题7】dialect they speak, they can all still communicate【小题8】(easy) in writing.

Written Chinese has also become an important means by【小题9】China’s present is connected with its past. People in modern times can read the classic【小题10】(work) which were written by Chinese in ancient times. The high regard for the Chinese writing system can be seen in the development of Chinese characters as an art form, known as Chinese calligraphy, which has become an important part of Chinese culture.