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The philosopher,Martin Buber,is most known for his work on ”I-Thou/You" relationships in which people are open,direct,mutually interested in each other. In contrast,“I-It" relationships are those in which we use the other,like an object,to solve our problems and fulfill our needs and purposes.

It is not our fault that many of our relationships are or become "It" relationships because most of what we feel,think and do is motivated by unconscious memories of how to survive the environment. Thus,one of the reasons we use other people to help us feel better about ourselves and cope in the world is that using people was once necessary and it worked.When we were small and helpless,“It"came and-fed us,and held us,and set us on our way.We didn't have to reciprocate and care for“It". Even when the care and attention of "it" was minimal or unpredictable,if we got out of childhood alive,somewhere along the way "it" was involved.

When we are very young,other people are always "it"s whom we use to fulfill our needs. Freud called this stage of early life "primary narcissism",which is our instinct for self-preservation and is a normal part of our development.While most of us grow out of it,we still hold a survival fear,which motivates us to escape danger and to stay alive,and we all need this fear in healthy measure.

The problem is that too many of us,too much of the time,are in a constant state of threat--and we often don't know it. We imagine people are talking about us behind our backs,that we have cancer,that we are inadequate,and vulnerable to more than our share of bad luck.As our brains have grown in size and complexity,so has our ability to scare ourselves.

This causes many problems. For example,our stress levels increase,our digestion is impaired and our thinking becomes restricted. Our threat response stops any bodily function,feeling,thought and behavior that might"waste'"energy and detract from fighting or escaping danger. Thus,when in threat,our emotional,cognitive and behavioral range is significantly reduced.

And in this reduced state, one of our solutions is to find someone who can save and comfort us. Instead of enabling us to be open,direct and mutual,fear and anxiety lead us towards conversations and choices in our relations with others that are orientated towards surviving--not thriving. Threat-motivated relationships are characterized by need,dependency,control,demand,dishonesty,and self-interest.

We cannot form the "I-Thou"relationships that Buber speaks of until we have learned to notice, comfort,and understand the emotions and patterns of our threat brain.When in threat,we tend to use other people as objects who can save and protect us,or who we can blame for our problems.

【小题1】When a person reciprocates,he tends to ________ .
A.ask for some advice.B.return the favour.
C.convey an apology.D.make some comments.
【小题2】What can we learn about“primary narcissism'"?
A.It leads to our fear.
B.It impacts our growth negatively.
C.It is normal and usually temporary.
D.It lays the foundation for Freud's theory.
【小题3】Which of the following could be an example of "I-It" relationships'?
A.Comforting an upset friend.B.Feeling sorry for your mistakes.
C.Asking others to take on your task.D.Trying hard to be independent.
【小题4】What would be the best title for this passage'?
A.How We Can Form the "I-Thou"Relationships
B.How We Can Get Out of the "I-It"Relationships
C.What Helps Us Survive and Thrive in Early Stages of Life
D.Why We Treat Others as Objects Rather Than Individuals
21-22高三上·上海·期中
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Visitor Code of Conduct

Please help us maintain a healing environment for our patient. Visiting hours and policies vary throughout the hospital. Please ask a staff member about the policy on the unit you wish to visit. We ask that you comply with the following visitor rules:

• Do not visit if you are sick (fever, cough, sore throat, nausea, or vomiting) or have been exposed to chicken pox (水痘) or other contagious (传染的) illness within the past three weeks.

• Clean your hands each time you enter and leave the patient’s room.

• Follow isolation precautions (隔离预防措施) that are posted on the patient’s door.

• You must wear shoes and shirts at all times. Clothing must be clean and neat.

• Visitors are limited to two per patient each time.

• Do not use waiting rooms on a unit if you are not visiting a patient in that unit.

• Waiting rooms are not for overnight stays.

• Children must have adult supervision (监护) at all times and must be respectful of the hospital’s healing environment. Some units do not allow children’s visiting.

You will be asked to leave for violating (违反) any of the above rules or for the followings:

• Your behavior creates a risk to patients, families or staff.

• You appear to be ill.

• You refuse to follow isolation precautions.

• You are not respectful or considerate of others.

• You fail to supervise children.

If you believe someone is violating these rules, or you need assistance, please notify security by dialing 7363 on the hospital phones or 813-844-7363 on your mobile phone. Security is available at all times.

Waiting areas are monitored at all times by a security video camera.

【小题1】The underlined phrase “comply with” in Paragraph 1 probably means ________.
A.obeyB.study
C.discoverD.pass
【小题2】According to the passage, you should ________ before you visit a unit in the hospital.
A.make an appointmentB.ask permission from the doctor
C.check the visiting policyD.ring up the patient first
【小题3】If a child wants to visit the patient, he/she should ________.
A.stay at the waiting room of any unitB.be supervised at all times
C.refuse to follow isolation precautionsD.create a new environment for patients
【小题4】According to the code, visitors are allowed to ________.
A.touch patient equipmentB.visit patients in group of two
C.stay overnight in the waiting roomD.change into slippers in the patient room
【小题5】What can be concluded from the text?
A.Children can go to visit patients by themselves.
B.If you seem to be ill, you can still visit the patients unless it is contagious.
C.Visitors who violate the rules will not be allowed to visit again.
D.You can ask for security’s help at any time.

Five traps to avoid when starting communication with others


Assuming that nobody wants to talk to you

【小题1】 But you’re not the only one. If you’re worried about seeming confident or “natural”, you’re missing the point: Stop thinking about yourself. Instead, think of reaching out as an act of service.


Introducing controversial(有争议的) topics

If you’re talking to someone new, it’s generally best not to talk about weighty, embarrassing topics. For starters, aim for something simple and close at hand that you and the other person can observe together. 【小题2】


【小题3】

Once you’ve made a connection with each other, keep that connection going by making yourself easy to understand.

If you speak different languages, for example, slow your speech and pronounce clearly. If they ask you what you do for work, answer in a way that doesn’t take five minutes or use a lot of workplace terms.


Talking too much about yourselfor about the other person

It’s often said that people love to talk about themselves, and that asking questions is the secret ingredient to good conversations. But that’s not true for everyone. 【小题4】 so if you sense that questions aren’t welcome, back off.


Wasting someone’s time

If you’re talking to someone, talk to them. Don’t stare at the floor or look over their shoulder at another person. Put your phone away.【小题5】.

A.Being hard to follow
B.If you’re shy, I get it
C.Nobody likes to feel questioned
D.Be present and give them your full attention
E.Staring talking without having something to say
F.Maybe it’s the music you’re both hearing, or the food you’re both tasting
G.It’s all about creating a comfortable opportunity for the other person to respond

Every year, billions of kilograms of fresh produce are wasted in the United States. Meanwhile, millions of poor Americans go hungry, without access to healthy and affordable meals.

Evan Lutz is enthusiastic about correcting that social injustice. And he combines that goal with enthusiasm for business. Lutz is CEO and founder of Hungry Harvest, a business which collects and sells “ugly” produce. These are fruits and vegetables that most food companies would throw away. More than six billion pounds are wasted each year due to surface imperfections.

“So I’ll give you an example.” Lutz says, “If you go to a grocery store you will see all the produce lineup shiny, perfect, of the same size and color. But on a farm, everything doesn’t grow the same way. So all that stuff that doesn’t grow the same way often gets thrown out. And what we do is take all that normally gets thrown out because of its odd size or shape, box it up and deliver it to our customers once a week.”

For Evan Lutz, giving back to others came form his upbringing. “When I was growing up, my parents taught me the values of giving back, and giving is a lot more powerful than receiving. We sell produce with a purpose and that doesn’t just mean we reduce food from going to waste. We hire people that were formerly in prison or were formerly injured or sick living in homeless shelters. They really wanted to get back on their feet for a second chance in life.”

Evan Lutz is really happy to be realizing great mission that he thinks can really revolutionize the food industry in America.

【小题1】The social injustice in Paragraph 2 refers to the fact that _________.
A.vegetables and fruits that don’t taste good are thrown away
B.grocery stores only sell produce of the same size
C.poor Americans can not afford healthy food
D.much produce gets wasted while many Americans starve
【小题2】What business does Hungry Harvest mainly do?
A.Deliver food for free.B.Collect “ugly” produce and sell it.
C.Raise money for the poor.D.Buy “ugly” produce and process it.
【小题3】Why does Evan Lutz employ those people mentioned in Paragraph 4?
A.To provide them with a job.B.To reduce labor costs.
C.To increase productivity.D.To earn a better reputation.
【小题4】What can be the best title for the passage?
A.Creating More Jobs for the Less Fortunate.
B.Putting Healthy Food on Dinner Table.
C.Giving Unused Produce a Purpose.
D.Making Profits from Shiny Produce.

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