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It is reported that half the world’s forests have already been destroyed. This widespread destruction is due to deforestation (采伐森林). Deforestation is the removal of a forest or group of trees where the land is later transformed to a non-forest use. Cutting down trees is necessary for man’s survival. However, deforestation has a number of negative effects on the environment and needs to be controlled.

There are two main purposes for cutting down trees and one of them is to use the trees as resources. Essential items like paper, furniture and charcoal are all made from trees. Deforestation is also carried out to clear land for farming and to make room for roads and houses. As the population grows, more of the forest has to be cleared.

Although deforestation is necessary up to a point, it has some negative effects on the environment. Firstly, cutting down forests destroys animal habitats, leaving them with no place to live in. Deforestation also allows erosion to occur, which leaves the land easy to landslides and makes it difficult for plants to grow there. Finally, the removal of trees also worsens air pollution. Trees act as natural air filters that change carbon dioxide into oxygen. When they are removed, carbon dioxide can build up and pollute the atmosphere. Hence, it is obvious that deforestation harms the environment.

Due to the harm deforestation causes, it is necessary to control it. There are a number of ways to do this. One of them is to make better use of farming land. That means we do not need as much land for farming, and hence do not need to cut down so many trees. There must also be laws to limit deforestation and these laws must be enforced strictly. On top of that, reforestation must be carried out systematically. This method involves planting new trees and plants in areas where deforestation has occurred to replace what was destroyed.

To sum up, although deforestation must be carried out, it can harm the environment and must be controlled. Beyond a certain point, this damage to the environment cannot be fixed. Hence, we should do our best to make sure that the damage is never too great to fix.

【小题1】What is the second paragraph mainly about?
A.How people get farmland.
B.What trees mean to human beings.
C.Why people carry out deforestation.
D.What effect deforestation has on environment.
【小题2】What consequence may deforestation bring to animals according to the text?
A.Homelessness.B.Extinction.C.Disease.D.Wars.
【小题3】According to the text, how can we control the harm of deforestation?
A.By replacing new trees.B.By banning deforestation.
C.By passing laws to limit farmland.D.By making the best of farmland.
【小题4】What may be the worst result if deforestation is beyond control?
A.Carbon dioxide will pollute the atmosphere.
B.There will not be any forest left in the world.
C.The damage to the environment will be beyond repair.
D.People will have no trees as resources for essential items.
21-22高三上·云南·期中
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The greatest threat to our planet is the belief that someone else will save it. In fact, no single one can. We ourselves must walk the right path and make a difference. We should start by doing what's necessary, then doing what's possible and will certainly achieve what may seem impossible!

Some environmentalists desire the pleasure in the pathless woods and the happiness in the lonely shore. This is a true account of an organization, called Nurture Nature, which offers a lot of opportunities and avenues to enrich not just one's surroundings but the one himself.

To many, it may seem that it brings about just another forum to save the planet, and it does. However, there is something bigger that it brings to you, an opportunity to redefine yourself, and a wish to make sure that you believe that you are indeed part of it. Being identified by the UN Environmental Programme, it lives up to the dreams we have dreamed.

Nurture Nature is an organization not only to educate the citizens of our nation and world-wide but also to spread awareness about the various atrocities (暴行) of humans towards our planet. Staff at Nurture Nature deal with the aim of making each and every person aware of their specific duties and responsibilities towards the planet and doing the needful before it's too late.

By organizing campaigns and spreading our reach through social media, staff at Nurture Nature surely do their best to fulfill the aim. This initiative has received an incredible response from funders worldwide and funds for the campaign and other tasks were collected. The funds which were put to good use were more than sufficient.

【小题1】What should we do to protect the earth according to the text?
A.Call for discussions.B.Ignore the threats.
C.Get everything ready.D.Start from ourselves.
【小题2】What will Nurture Nature bring to the participants?
A.A thrilling experience.B.A beautiful dream.
C.A chance to know themselves.D.A sense of belonging.
【小题3】What does paragraph 4 mainly talk about?
A.The functions of Nurture Nature.B.The expectations of Nurture Nature.
C.The reasons why Nurture Nature was set up.D.The efforts the staff in Nurture Nature made.
【小题4】What can we know about Nurture Nature from the last paragraph?
A.It has finished its goal.B.It has drawn much attention.
C.It is organizing tasks to raise money.D.It is accepted by all the people in the world.

Bornholm is a small Danish island in the southwest part of the Baltic Sea. The island is known for its sunny weather, round churches and rocky sea cliffs. But soon it hopes to make history for its lack of trash.

Bornholm’s only waste incineration (焚烧) plant is on its last legs, so instead of replacing it, the island has embraced another plan. In 2032 there will be no more waste on Bornholm. The government doesn’t yet know all the specifics of how the plan will work, but officials have laid out a basic outline.

For example, they imagine citizens sorting waste into easily recyclable items such as metal, plastic, glass, paper and cardboard, and then plan to add new items such as fishing nets, insulation (绝缘) materials and more plastics to the recycling system. Organic waste, as well as garden and park waste, will be converted (转换) into energy, and the nutrient-rich waste will be used as fertilizer in fields, gardens and parks on the island.

Residents will be encouraged to make use of the sharing economy, lending and borrowing goods and services. They’ll reuse everything from furniture to children’s clothing, and businesses will repair a number of items from bicycles to kitchen appliances. Elementary school students will be educated as “resource heroes” with practical, hands-on lessons about waste, resources, the environment and nature.

“As a first-mover in this kind of area, you can benefit from development funding from national and international sources like the European Union,” says Thomas, the deputy mayor of Bornholm, “As a last-mover you benefit from all the trial-and-error that has gone before, and the technology is far cheaper to apply. Being in the middle field is the really heavy place to be. For us, the decision to be first movers here was not a difficult one.”

【小题1】What is the probable meaning of the underlined part in Paragraph 2?
A.Going to be closed.B.Nearing completion.
C.Developing rapidly.D.Getting much support.
【小题2】What does the author intend to tell us in Paragraph 3?
A.What rubbish is worth recycling.B.How they deal with different waste.
C.Why waste should be recycled.D.What advantages the new plan has.
【小题3】What will a resident of Bornholm do if his bicycle is broken?
A.Buy a new one.B.Throw it away.C.Have it repaired.D.Break it up into parts.
【小题4】What can we infer about recycling from Thomas’ words?
A.To be a first-mover is not so easy.
B.A last-mover gets more benefits.
C.No country has done better than Bornholm.
D.There is international support for recycling.

After nearly 20 years of efforts, China has built a monitoring network for endangered Siberian tigers and Amur leopards, covering more than 12,000 square kilometers in the provinces of Jilin and Heilongjiang, an expert said on Sunday.

With cutting-edge technologies such as artificial intelligence and big data, more than 4,000 infrared (红外线的) camera video clips of tigers and more than 600 clips of leopards were recorded by a team led by Jiang Guangshun, deputy director of the Feline Research Center of the Natural Forestry and Grassland Administration.

“By comparing the data of tigers and leopards of China and Russia from 2013 to 2015, we have confirmed that 17 tigers and 42 leopards are shared populations of both China and Russia,”Jiang said at the International Forum on Tiger and Leopard Transboundary Conservation which kicked off on Sunday in Harbin, Heilongjiang province. “The ecology has greatly improved since the natural forest protection project started in 1998, and all commercial logging has been stopped, which helped to protect tigers and leopards,”he said.

“However, we still face great challenges,”he said. “The distribution pattern of the two species suggests that the protection of the tiger and leopard requires the establishment of a network of protected sites, the construction of international and domestic corridors and the formation of a permeable landscape. It needs attention and support from all over the world. ”

“Military fences, transportation facilities and farmland in habitats have a strong impact on tigers’ free migration in different areas in China and cross-border areas between China and Russia. Living in small and isolated areas may cause more inbreeding, which can be a factor in their decline in immunity,” Jiang added.

Focusing on big cats around the world, especially tiger and leopard populations, the two-day event attracted more than 300 representatives from 19 countries. Representatives discussed monitoring technology, restoration of populations and habitat areas, landscape resource allocation in protected areas, conflict resolution and other related technical and policy issues.

【小题1】Which of the following may influence tigers’ free migration?
A.Infrared cameras fixed on tigers.
B.Transportation facilities in tigers’ habitats.
C.The monitoring network built by China.
D.Amur leopards living in Russia.
【小题2】What can we learn from the text?
A.There are 17 tigers and 42 leopards in China.
B.Inbreeding is beneficial to animals’ health.
C.The construction of an ecological corridor has been completed.
D.Joint efforts are still necessary to protect tigers and leopards.
【小题3】Which can be a suitable title for the text?
A.Cooperation Improves the Number of Big Cats
B.Protection of Big Cats Enhances Cooperation
C.Network Helps Monitor Population of Big Cats
D.Big Cats Came to China from Russia
【小题4】Where can the text be found?
A.In a newspaper.B.In a science fiction.
C.In a book review.D.In a business magazine.

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