“Some kids are naturally more competitive than others,” says professional adviser Roseann Clay. But certain factors play into the behavior of kids to make them want to win at everything.

One factor is that kids are becoming aware of what others think of them. Winning games and getting those top grades is a way to get loads of attention.【小题1】When kids have a genuine fear of losing, this can drive them to be more competitive. And when they lose, bad emotions usually follow. How can parents deal with kids who get angry or upset when they don't win all the time?

【小题2】Roseann suggests that parents make a point of showing how they handle losing well, while still having fun. And before any competitive activity or game, make sure everyone knows what the rules and expected behaviors are. This helps a child shift from an “I'm only good if I win”attitude to “ I'm having fun” attitude.

If a child is pushed to be too competitive and care about winning above all else, their emotional well-being is put at risk. The knock-on effect is that their confidence remains low.【小题3】

Also, some children's anxiety causes them to be afraid of competition.

【小题5】We can help them celebrate and enjoy all the small steps it took to get there, and encourage a more positive outlook and healthy competition. This will serve ! them throughout life as they manage stress.

Ways to Cut Your Textbook Costs

The average cost of textbooks and supplies for college students goes beyond $ 1000 a year, a recent study found. Tuition(学费)isn’t the only higher education expense that makes paying for college challenging—the price of books and supplies can add up quickly. According to the most recent survey data from the College Board, college students spent roughly $ 1290 on books and supplies during the 2018-2019 academic year. 【小题1】 .

Buy digital or loose-leaf formats.

The cost difference between a digital and a print version of a textbook can be dramatic. “【小题2】, including digital and sometimes in loose-leaf binders-both which are less expensive than traditional versions,” says Julie Gurner, a former psychology professor at the Community College of Philadelphia and founder of Gurner Consulting.

【小题3】.

Publishers often release new editions every few years, but the newest version can cost slightly more than the previous edition. Gurner’s tip: although the newest textbook is usually the one recommended for the course, updates to college textbooks are not always major revisions.

Purchase used books

Campus bookstores and online booksellers sell used books, which can help students save money. 【小题4】, making it 40% less than a new copy that retails(零售) for about $100. One warning: Experts recommend that students check whether they have the right edition for their class before making the purchase.

Check if your school has a bookseller discount

【小题5】. The University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, for example, partners with eCampus.com for its textbook discounts. Students have access to the purchased content for five years.

Teens who have good, supportive relationships with their teachers enjoy better health as adults, according to research published by an American research center.

“This research suggests that improving students’ relationships with teachers could have positive and long-lasting effects beyond just academic success,” said Jinho Kim, a professor at Korea University and author of the study. “It could also bring about health implications in the long run.” Previous research has suggested that teens’ social relationships might be linked to health outcomes in adulthood. However, it is not clear whether the link between teen relationships and lifetime health is causal (因果的) — it could be that other factors, such as different family backgrounds, might contribute to both relationship problems in adolescence and to poor health in adulthood. Also, most research has focused on teens’ relationships with their peers (同龄人), rather than on their relationships with teachers.

To explore those questions further, Kim analyzed data on nearly 20, 000 participants from the Add Health study, a national study in the U. S. that followed participants from seventh grade into early adulthood. The participant pool included more than 3, 400 pairs of siblings (兄弟姐妹). As teens, participants answered questions, like “How often have you had trouble getting along with other students and your teachers?” As adults, participants were asked about their physical and mental health.

Kim found that participants who had reported better relationships with both their peers and teachers in middle and high school also reported better physical and mental health in their mid-20s. However, when he controlled for family background by looking at pairs of siblings together, only the link between good teacher relationships and adult health remained significant.

The results suggest teacher relationships are more important than previously realized and that schools should invest in training teachers on how to build warm and supportive relationships with their students. “This is not something that most teachers receive much training in,” Kim said, “but it should be.”