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Too much work, too little money and not enough opportunity for promotion, .or growth are stressing us out on the job, according to a new survey from the American Psychological Association.

We all know that stress reduces all of the things that help productivity— mental clarity (清晰), short-term memory, decision-making and moods. One-third of employees experience lasting stress related to work, the survey found. Fifty-four percent of the 1,501 employed adults surveyed say they feel they are paid too little for their contributions, and 61% said their jobs don’t offer adequate opportunities to advance. Only half of the adults surveyed said they feel valued at work.

Besides, women’s stress is rising as families rely more on women’s earnings. An employed wife’s contribution to family earnings has reached, on average, 47% since 2009, so women feel especially stuck and tense. Thirty-two percent of women said their employers don’t provide sufficient opportunities for internal advancement, compared with 30% of men. Women are more likely to feel tense during a typical workday, reporting more often that their employer doesn’t appreciate what they do.

Physically, the body responds to stress by secreting hormones into the bloodstream that stimulate accelerated (加速的) heart rate and breathing and tensing of muscles. People who experience stress as a positive often have increased blood flow to the brain, muscles and limbs, similar to the effects of aerobic exercise. Those who feel frightened or threatened, however, often have an unstable heart rate and constricting wood vessels (血管). Their blood pressure rises and hands and feet may grow cold. They may become agitated, speak more loudly or experience errors in judgment.

Emotional responses to stress often divide along gender lines, with men more likely to have a “fight or flight” reaction while women are more likely to have a tend and befriend” response, seeking comfort in relationships and care of loved ones, according to the research.

Women tend to “internalize”, which contributes to their stress. Many women hesitate to speak up for themselves or challenge behavior they see as unfair. Kay Keaney, interior designer, 40, rose fast at a California medical group, taking on responsibility for interior and facility planning. With her 60-hour workweeks, plus early-morning and late-night meetings and a 1.5-hour commute each way, she seldom had time with her two small children. Whether stuck in traffic on her way to a 6 p.m. pickup at day care, or tom between her children and urgent work emails, “I just wanted to crawl out of my skin,” she says. “I was overwhelmed.” Yet she hesitated to complain. “There was too much work to be done, and playing the Mommy card was bad form.” But the experts suggest that women should give themselves a voice.

【小题1】The underlined word “agitated” in Paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to ________.
A.fearfulB.optimisticC.anxiousD.ambitious
【小题2】Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?
A.Everyone has a painful sense of being under-appreciated or under-paid.
B.An increasing number of people feel satisfied with work-life balance.
C.An improving job market is making some people’s work lives easier.
D.Most women have higher levels of work stress than the opposite sex.
【小题3】We can learn from the example of Kay Keaney that ________.
A.relieving oneself from stress involves being frank as well as brave
B.experiencing symptoms of lasting stress causes communication barriers
C.seeking comfort from friends or relatives has little to do with office stress
D.being challenged or devalued by others leads to numerous health problems
【小题4】What is most probably to be discussed in the following paragraphs?
A.Other aspects in life affected by stress in work.
B.Tips to help women handle their hard times properly.
C.Examples to show the different gender responses to stress.
D.Reasons why people are likely to feel tense when working.
21-22高一上·上海闵行·期中
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Criticism of Big Tech is intensifying. At Congressional hearings last week, politicians from across the aisle gave a rough ride to executives of some of the world's most valuable companies. Amid the hubbub(喧哗), the resignation of Google's Meredith Whittaker was less noticed, but significant. Ms Whittaker, a Google artificial intelligence researcher, was a leader of protests insider the company last year. In an internal note to fellow employees, she warned that developers have a “short window in which to act" to stop increasingly dangerous uses of artificial intelligence.

Ms Whittaker' s resignation reflects a growing tendency for tech companies' own staff to try to serve as the moral compass and conscience of their businesses. In companies whose value relies so much on human and intellectual capital ---and in being able to attract the sharpest minds ---employees have considerable potential impact, especially collectively.

The Google Walkouts of which Ms Whittaker was a leader began in response to the search group's treatment of sexual harassment complaints. They snowballed to include broader issues around the company’s technologies. Ms Whittaker’s decision now to resign suggests many Big Tech companies are still not doing enough to attend to employees' concerns over corporate culture. Yet responding to internal calls to action should be an obvious choice. Threats of strikes or resignations by the talented staff who build systems risk undermining technology companies' competitiveness. Employee action can act to strengthen measures by regulators who are increasingly proactive in dealing with the excesses of Big Tech.

The rise of collective action for social good is encouraging. Traditional labour focuses ----such as workers' rights around pay and hours ----- remain important in a sector which still also makes heavy uses of cheap and poorly-skilled workers. Attempts to pressure companies into behaving ethically have more often been driven by single employees. Avenues are needed to ensure that workers can discuss potentially unethical practices without risking revenge.

Ms Whittaker’s proposal for unionisation is part of a broader chorus demanding greater employee oversight. Alphabet, Google’s parent, has already faced calls from union-sponsored pension funds to add a non-executive employee representative to its board. While not successful this year, the move showed that stakeholders such as investors are pressing for culture change within Big Tech companies.

Workers outside the tech sector, too, are forcing companies to try to solve international problems. A global climate strike is planned for September,encouraging workers to join the thousands of school students who have protested over the past year. In the advertising industry, workers at over 20 agencies refused to work on fossil fuel briefs in solidarity, inspired by the Extinction Rebellion protests. Big Tech, facing ever more open criticism should see the message is clear. To regain trust, it will have to engage not just with regulators, but with its own employees and stakeholders.

【小题1】We can learn from the first paragraph that Ms Whittaker _________
A.drew much criticism from politicians.
B.opposed Google's risky uses of AL.
C.disagreed with her colleagues on the future of AI.
D.resigned because her talent in AI was not recognized.
【小题2】The author argues in Paragraph 2 that tech companies' staff _________
A.can serve as the moral models for traditional labour.
B.should keep sharpening their minds.
C.can pressure companies into behaving ethically.
D.should improve internal collaboration.
【小题3】According to Paragraph3, internal calls to action may _________.
A.damage a company's reputation.
B.threaten a company's competitiveness.
C.impair a company' s corporate culture.
D.strengthen a company 's management system.
【小题4】Which of the following would be the best title for the text?
A.Employees Can Help to Make Big Tech Moral
B.Big Tech Staff Are Different from Traditional Labour
C.The Tech Sector Is Facing Ever More Criticism
D.The Tech Sector Is in a Wave of Resignations

College graduation eventually means taking much of your attention in your first job search. This process can be challenging, especially for those students who had second thoughts about their chosen major and intended career path—or those who majored in a field not directly connected to a specific career. If you are in one of these groups, fear not! Although your major, coursework, and academic performance are relevant to landing a job, they are not the only deciding factors on where you can work. So, just how important is your major to your job search?

Some majors are tied directly to specific career fields. For example, if you wish to become a teacher, you will likely have needed to complete an education program and eventually sit for a licensing exam. The same applies to majors in nursing. If you did not complete an accredited nursing program, you won’t be able to take the nursing licensure exam. In these cases, successfully completing a specific major is crucial to landing a job in the matching field.

Other majors, however, are closely related to career paths but don’t necessarily require a degree in the area. For example, students who majored in finance, math, or statistics may also have the necessary skills to be hired as an accountant. Although social work majors are most prepared to provide case management services to struggling populations, students who majored in psychology or sociology can be just as qualified.

Lastly, there are many industries, such as professional sales, education (non-teaching positions), insurance, and customer service management, which hire new graduates from several more majors, looking for more generalized requirements. They may simply want to know the student has completed his or her bachelor’s degree, which demonstrates college-level math and writing, critical thinking, and problem-solving skills.

Hopefully, as a college student, you were able to do more than just attend classes. Your non-academic experiences can be very influential on your future career as well. Did you work during college, volunteer, or participate in a club or organization? If so, and if you enjoyed these activities, seek out related careers. If you volunteered with a non-profit organization such as a homeless or domestic violence shelter, seek out positions in social services related to case management or victim advocacy(辩护). You may qualify for a position regardless of your major.

Although it often seems like your college major alone determines your career fate, this just isn’t the case. It may influence it, but there are other factors that influence your career options as well. If you don’t know what career options to consider based on your major, talk to your faculty or academic advisor. You may be surprised at what opportunities await!

【小题1】To be a customer service manager, college graduates _________.
A.need to have college-level qualities and skills
B.should pass a licensing exam
C.are required to major in insurance
D.must have relevant experiences
【小题2】What is probably the best title for the passage?
A.Major Ups Your Career
B.Why Your College Major Matters
C.How Important Your Major Is to Your Job
D.Major VS Career: Which Is Right for You
【小题3】The writer thinks that _________.
A.majors are closely linked to career paths
B.students of science tend to receive higher salaries
C.volunteer experiences help graduates get employed
D.social work graduates have more employment opportunities
【小题4】Which of the following shows the organization of the passage?
A.B.
C.D.
请认真阅读下面短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。
注意:每个空格只填一个单词。

Measurement done right can transform your organization. It can not only show you where you are now, but can get you to wherever you want to go. Measurement is important to high performance, improvement, and, ultimately, success in business, or in any other area of human effort. Measuring what matters is more important than most things we do. Here are 5 ideas for how to become more conscious of what you can stop doing, in order to make the time for performance measurement.

1. Stop reporting measures that no one uses. Be daring—stop reporting what you know isn’t being used, and if anyone notices, use it as an opportunity to start a conversation about how to decide what is worth measuring and reporting.

2. Reduce your time in meetings and the number of meetings you attend. Meetings always take longer than they need to. The big time wasters are tangents, people arriving late and violent agreements that mistakenly sound like useful debates. Start on time, finish early and diplomatically manage the discussion. Reduce and Agree only to meetings that have a clear purpose that is aligned to your role and responsibilities. Don’t go to meetings out of obligation or interest alone.

3. Rank your main concerns and drop the bottom 10. List your tasks, both what you are doing and what you should be doing, and rank them in order of importance. Simply stop doing the bottom 10—they are likely to have consequences far less than failing to measure what matters. Design your weekly schedule to make time for measurement. Set a regular time in your diary that you block out for measurement related activities, and then put the remainder of your tasks around that. Put the big rocks (the important stuff) in first and you’ll fit more of the smaller rocks in anyway.

4.Bring up measurement in conversations and existing meetings. Don’t wait for measurement time. Use natural conversations that have even minor importance to performance and results as an opportunity to talk about measures that matter. Set yourself progress goals for choosing, creating and using measures, and reward yourself when you achieve them. You can get others to hold you accountable. Agree progress goals with your manager or colleagues or customers for choosing, creating and using measures. Set regular check in time with them to pat you on the back or face the music.

5.Save time by stopping when it’s good enough. Stop over processing whatever you do, and get clear about the point at which you’ve done what will work, and don’t waste time.

Title: The key to success is MEASUREMENT
Paragraph main ideaSupporting details
Functions of measurement·Change 【小题1】 now and build a bright future.
·Important to high performance, improvement, and, ultimately, success in business and other fields.
Be daring or braveReport measurements 【小题2】 by others
Reduction【小题3】It may waste your time.
number of meetingsReasonA waste of time
WayAttend those having 【小题4】
ListWay·List your tasks and drop 【小题5】
·Rank them in order of importance
·Design your weekly schedule
·Set a regular time 【小题6】
AimMake useful time for reasonable
measurement
DiscussionWay·Make use of natural conversations or 【小题7】.
·Set clear aim you can achieve and 【小题8】 when yousucceed.
·Agree 【小题9】 with your boss or colleagues or customers.
·Ensure time to check in the progress.
【小题10】Way·Stop when it’s good enough.
·Know your situation well and your next plan.

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