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It's the best kept secret of modern science: 16 years of the Human Genome Project suggest that genes play little or no role in explaining differences in intelligence. While genes have been found for physical features, such as height or eye colour, they are not the reason you are smarter (or not) than your sisters and brothers. 【小题1】.

Very likely, you will simply not believe this and are sure from your own experience that it's "a bit of both" nature and nurture. But those genes that have been found only explain 1%-5% of any psychological characters.【小题2】. It's something scientists call “missing heritability”. Robert Plomin, one of the world's leading geneticists, told the Guardian last year. "I have been looking for these genes for 15 years and I don't have any."

Of course, babies are born different and biological transmission of traits (特征传送) does occur - it's just not genetic. For instance, there is abundant evidence that autism (自闭症) may be due to what happens during pregnancy, prematurity or difficulties during the birth itself.【小题3】. But it has been proven many times over that the right kind of nurture can correct it.

【小题4】. It means that most babies have the potential to succeed in conventional terms in exams and careers. There is no inherent (先天的) reason why children from low-income families cannot succeed as much as those from affluent homes.

A.Neither are they why you are less smarter than your brothers and sisters
B.Nor are they why you are like your high-achieving or dull parents
C.Your genes decide your achievement
D.This is not just my opinion
E.About a third of babies are born "difficult" for these reasons
F.That it's not genes is extremely good news
21-22高三上·上海黄浦·阶段练习
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