Which kind of diamond is better for the environment and the world we live in: a diamond from a traditional mine or one made in a laboratory? It seems that everyone would think that man-made diamonds would be better. But wait a minute. Don’t draw your conclusion so quickly.
Some recent reports suggest the answer may not be so clear. At the very least, these reports provide evidence of tensions between two different sectors of the diamond industry. Lab-grown diamond companies say they are more moral and cause less harm to the Earth’s environment as they don’t have to dig deep into the earth for diamonds.
The traditional diamond sector notes that its businesses help the communities where they operate mines. It says they provide jobs, help build roads and other infrastructure and make investments in conservation. Some companies, such as De Beers, work on both sides. De Beers sells natural and man-made diamonds.
In the United States, the Federal Trade Commission(FTC)investigates reports of deceptive, or misleading, advertising. In April, the commission sent warning letters to eight lab-grown diamond companies. One of the FTC’s concerns was the use of the word "eco-friendly", and similar terms, to describe diamonds made in a laboratory. The lab-grown process requires very high temperatures and uses a lot of energy.
Trucost is a company that estimates the costs of using natural resources. Asked by the Diamond Producers Association to study the issue, Trucost found the carbon intensity of natural diamonds was lower than lab-grown diamonds. The Trucost report did note that diamond miners should reduce their effect on the environment by using more wind power and sunlight.
The Reuters news agency reported that the International Grown Diamond Association did not immediately respond to requests for comments about the story.
【小题1】What’s the opinion of traditional diamond companies about their business?A.They refuse lab-grown diamonds. |
B.They bring benefits to local people. |
C.They cause less harm to the Earth’s environment. |
D.They are more moral than lab-grown diamond companies. |
A.They sold false diamonds. | B.They teased customers. |
C.They took unfair competition. | D.They made false advertisements. |
A.Use renewable energy. | B.Give up mining diamonds. |
C.Change mining equipment. | D.Develop lab-grown diamonds. |
A.Is Natural Diamond Mining Coming to an End? |
B.Do Diamond Miners Really Protect the Environment? |
C.Which Kind of Diamond Is Better for the Environment? |
D.Why Are Lab-grown Diamonds Environmentally Friendly? |
The January fashion show, called Future Fashion, exemplified how far green design has come. Organized by the New York-based nonprofit Earth Pledge, the show inspired many top designers to work with sustainable fabrics for the first time. Several have since made pledges to include organic fabrics in their lines.
The designers who undertake green fashion still face many challenges. Scott Hahn, a cofounder with Gregory of Rogan and Loomstate, which uses all-organic cotton, says high-quality sustainable materials can still be tough to find. “Most designers with existing labels are finding there aren’t comparable materials that can just replace what you’re doing and what your customers are used to,” he says. For example, organic cotton and non-organic cotton are virtually indistinguishable once woven into a dress. But some popular synthetics, like stretch nylon, still have few eco-friendly equivalents.
Those who do make the switch are finding they have more support. Last year the influential trade show Designers & Agents stopped charging its participation fee for young green entrepreneurs who attend its two springtime shows in Los Angeles and New York and gave special recognition to designers whose collections are at least 25% sustainable. It now counts more than 50 green designers, up from fewer than a dozen two years ago. This week Wal-Mart is set to announce a major initiative aimed at helping cotton farmers go organic: it will buy transitional cotton at higher prices, thus helping to expand the supply of a key sustainable material. “Main-stream is about to occur,” says Hahn.
Some analysts are less sure. Among consumers, only 18% are even aware that eco-fashion exists, up from 6% four years ago. Natalie Hormilla, a fashion writer, is an example of the unconverted consumer. When asked if she owned any sustainable clothes, she replied, “Not that I’m aware of.” Like most consumers, she finds little time to shop, and when she does, she’s on the hunt for “cute stuff that isn’t too expensive.” By her own admission, green just isn’t yet on her mind. But thanks to the combined efforts of designers, retailers and suppliers—one day it will be.
【小题1】What is said about Future Fashion?A.It inspired leading designers to start going green. |
B.It showed that designers using organic fabrics would go far. |
C.It served as an example of how fashion shows should be organized. |
D.It convinced the public that fashionable clothes should be made durable. |
A.much more time is needed to finish a dress using sustainable materials |
B.they have to create new brands for clothes made of organic materials |
C.customers have difficulty telling organic from non-organic materials |
D.quality organic replacements for synthetics are not readily available |
A.can attend various trade shows for free |
B.are readily recognized by the fashion world |
C.can buy organic cotton at favorable prices |
D.are gaining more and more support |
A.She doesn’t seem to care about it. |
B.She doesn’t think it is sustainable. |
C.She is doubtful of its practical value. |
D.She is opposed to the idea very much. |
The earth gives us life.
The earth lets us breathe.
A.However, there are ways to help our planet not become worse so rapidly! |
B.The earth is so useful that we can’t live without it. |
C.It gives us food, water, shelter and natural beauty. |
D.The minute a life is lost, forgiveness is not possible. |
E.If you take good care of the earth, it will surely pay back. |
F.The human beings that care for it and love it deserve what our planet provides us with. |
G.If everyone did just that and cared creatures all over our world wouldn’t’t be endangered. |
Amazon Alert
The Amazon rain forest stretches about 2.7 million square miles. It has been described as the “lungs of our planet”. More than 20% of the planet’s oxygen is produced there! The Amazon holds one-fifth of the world’s freshwater supply. The tropical forests in the heart of the Amazon basin are full of many different kinds of life. They hold the world’s widest variety of life, and are also home to many species found nowhere else. This area is one of the world’s natural treasures. But unless nations around the world take action, it will disappear.
Every year, the rain forest in the Amazon is shrinking. Farmers and builders are clearing the land, usually by burning down the forest. This destruction reached record levels in the 1990s and has remained steady since then. In 2003, an estimated 9,170 square miles were burned or cleared.
The Amazon River basin stretches into the countries of Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia, but the bulk of it is in Brazil. Loggers, miners, and farmers in Brazil have been rapidly cutting down the Amazon since the 1960s. South American farmers and settlers burn the rain forest to clear the land. The land is used to grow crops and raise livestock or for new towns. Satellite photos show how the forest continues to shrink.
The government of Brazil has pledged time and again to slow down the clearing of land. However, they have not done enough to stop illegal burning and logging. But it's not just Brazil's problem. The Amazon is a treasure for all of humanity. Other countries, including the United States, must do more to help Brazil preserve the Amazon.
In order to protect the area, the Central Amazon Conservation Complex in Brazil was added to the UNESCO World Heritage List in 2000. The heritage site makes up the largest protected area in the Amazon Basin (over 6 million hectares). The rain forest is over 55 million years old. There are still many parts of the Amazon that no one has ever been to, and many species that no one has ever seen.
Fact File
The Amazon
You can’t drive there! The main form of transportation in the Amazon is by boat. The only way to get around the rain forest is through the Amazon River system. The river system has 20 percent of all the Earth’s fresh water. Each year during the rainy season, the rivers flood over nine meters deep.
The Amazon is famous for these flooded forests. Tourists will spend days boating through the flooded areas, watching tropical birds flying in the humid air, and fish swimming through the water.
【小题1】What is the main threat to the Amazon rain forest?A.Air and water pollution | B.Floods in the rainy season |
C.Natural disasters near the forest | D.Burning the rain forest for the land |
A.To tell that there are many different animals in the Amazon rain forest. |
B.To explain through some figures that the size of the Amazon rain forest is quite large. |
C.To indicate what will disappear in the Amazon rain forest if nations don’t take any action. |
D.To emphasize that the Amazon rain forest is important and unique. |
A.Getting larger | B.Getting smaller | C.Being protected | D.Being cleared |
A.Farmers and builders are clearing the land |
B.The destruction of the land is steady |
C.The local people refuse to protect the rain forest. |
D.The rain forest in the Amazon is facing great danger |
A.The government of Brazil should take full responsibility. |
B.Laws should be established to stop farmers from cutting and burning the forest. |
C.Brazil and other countries should work together to protect the Amazon. |
D.Brazil cannot make any more efforts to stop illegal burning and logging. |
A.Life in the Amazon Rain Forest | B.The World’s Natural Treasures |
C.Travel Around the Amazon | D.Protect the Amazon Together |
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