Here are four underground attractions, which will certainly take your breath away.

Under, a restaurant, is five and a half metres, below the surface. Diners eat their meals as icy North Sea currents swirl (旋动) outside the windows. Despite the storminess of the surrounding seas, there’s stillness in Under.

Kristiansand, Norway || https://live.under.no/

The underground city dates back thousands of years. It’s the largest of its kind in the region, with winding passages over eight levels, reaching a depth of around 85 underground allowed its citizens to avoid extreme temperatures and more easily defend against enemies. Though no one lives there today, the site features the remains of schools and shops.

Cappadocia, Turkey || uchisarcappadocia.org

Considering that they’re cut deep into a rock face, the 30 or so caves of Ajanta are surprisingly well lit. All that light makes it much easier to admire this remarkable series of Buddhist temples that date from the first and second centuries BC. They contain some of the finest surviving examples of ancient Indian wall painting.

Aurangabad, India || ajanta-caves.com

Sometimes viewing a volcano from far away just isn’t enough. Some people need to go that step further and explore inside a volcano. It sounds crazy, but you can do exactly that at Thrihnukagigur. A lift takes visitors about 200 metres down into the volcano’s magma chamber (岩浆库). Thrihnukagigur is a dormant (休眠的) volcano, but it still takes a lot of courage to get close to it.

Near Reykjavik, Iceland || visitreykjavik.is/thrihnukagigur

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Science Sunday is for everyone interested in the world around them, whose lectures are designed to make science interesting and “user-friendly” for everyone. Lectures are one hour long. Doors open to the lecture hall at 1:00 pm. Lecture passes are available at the admissions counter at 12:30 pm. Seating is limited and first-come, first-served. No late seating. Lectures include time for a few questions at the end.

Celebrate the warmth of the holiday season with crafts, games, music, and enjoyment from the early 20th century. We’ll busy your hands with holiday wreath-making (花冠), invite you to join in an old-fashioned sing-along around the player piano, and provide you with materials to make Victorian and Mexican holiday crafts. Come play games, take a draft-horse carriage ride, decorate the tree, and create decorations to bring home to your own tree.

Explore the hidden world of art! Visit artists in their studios, learn about their processes, purchase original works of art. Free mobile app and printed guide have artist information and maps. Open Studios is a free self-guided tour, produced by Arts Council Santa Cruz County, which invites the public into more than 300 artist studios across Santa Cruz County.

Step into the incredible world of steam power at the Steam & Harvest Festival. Welcome Fall with traditional children’s activities like candle making, and gold panning. See a variety of steam and belt-powered equipment on display. Admission is free for the whole family.

The term ‘dark tourism’ is far newer than the practice, which long predates Pompeii's emergence as a dark attraction. Dr Philip Stone, perhaps the world's leading academic expert on dark tourism, considers the Roman Colosseum to be one of first dark tourist sites, where people travelled long distances to watch death as sport. Later, until the late 18" century, the appeal was crueler still in central London, where people paid money to sit in grandstands to watch mass hangings. Dealers would sell pies at the site, which was roughly where Marble Arch stands today.

It was only in 1996 that ‘dark tourism' entered the scholarly vocabulary when two academics in Glasgow applied it while looking at sites associated with the murder of John F.Kennedy. Those who study dark tourism identify plenty of reasons for the growing phenomenon, including raised awareness of it as an identifiable thing. Access to sites has also improved with the arrival of cheap air travel. It's hard to imagine that the Auschwitz-Birkenau memorial and museum would now welcome mare than two million visitors a year were it not for its nearness to Krakow's international airport. Peter Hohenhaus, a widely travelled dark tourist based in Vienna,also points to the broader rise in off-the-beaten track tourism,beyond the territory of popular guidebooks and TripAdvisor rankings. ‘A lot of people don't want mainstream tourism and that often means engaging with places that have a more recent history than, say,a Roman ruin." he says."You go to Sarajevo and most people remember the war being in the news so if feels closer to one’s owe biography(传记)”

Hohenhaus is also a fan of‘ beauty in decay’, the contemporary cultural movement in which urban ruins have become subject matter for expensive coffee-table books and a thousand lnstagram(照片墙)accounts. The crossover with death is clear.“I have always been drawn to ruined things," the 54-year-old says. But while, like any tourism, dark tourism at its best is educational, the example of Grenfell Tower (a London tower block,destroyed by a fire in 2017 with 7l deaths) hints at the unease felt at some sites.“I remember the Lonely Planet Bluelist book had a chapter about dark tourism a while ago and one of the rules was 'don't go back too early'."Hohenhaus says.“I'll be interested to see Grenfell Tower up close.I can see the attraction.But I would not stand in the street taking a selfie(自拍)merrily.”