There's a lot of good news about Chinese volleyball player Zhu Ting.
She was named as the Most Valuable Volleyball Player of the China Volleyball Association for the 2019﹣2020 season. At the same time, readers can find her story in a children's book When I Grow Up—Sports Heroes. A British publishing house published the book. It's about how children become sports superstars. Those superstars include LeBron James and Lionel Messi.
Zhu Ting now plays for the Tianjin Bohai Bank Women's Volleyball Club. Last season, she helped Tianjin win its 12th top league title. She is also the captain, the 1.98-meter-tall girl found it difficult to move quickly because she was so tall. But head coach Lang Ping trained her to jump high and spike the ball, the fighting spirit of the national team has inspired, she became a great spiker.
She used to play volleyball in Turkey. When she arrived there, she couldn't speak English well and needed help. But she kept practicing English after her training. After three months, she could easily talk with her teammates in English.
What makes Zhu Ting successful? Working hard and never giving up are the key to success.
【小题1】Zhu Ting is a ________.A.movie star | B.bookseller | C.volleyball player | D.news reporter |
A.heroes | B.dancers | C.singer | D.children |
A.Zhu Ting | B.Lang Ping | C.LeBron James | D.Lionel Messi |
A.hard practice | B.her ability | C.good news | D.fighting spirit |
In the eyes of many environmentalists, the world appears to be getting worse. They believe, the natural resources are running out and the air and water are becoming ever more polluted. But if we check the facts, things look different. Energy has become more abundant, not less so. Fewer people are starving. What seems to cause this gap between perception and reality?
One factor is the prejudice in scientific research. Scientific funding goes mainly to areas with many problems. That may be wise policy, but it will also create an impression that there are more potential problems than actually exist.
Secondly, environmental groups seek attention from the mass media. They also need to get continuous financial support. Understandably, perhaps, they sometimes exaggerate (夸大) their arguments. In 1997, for example, the World Wide Fund for Nature issued a statement titled: “Two thirds of the world’s forests lost forever”. The truth turns out to be near 20%.
The media can add to confusion too. People tend to be more curious about bad news than good. Newspapers and broadcasters are there to provide what the public wants. That, however, can lead to significant misinterpretations. For example, when a natural disaster happens, the media usually highlights the negative parts, giving more attention to the disaster’s details and what happens afterward. This flood of bad news can make people think that such events are more frequent or serious than they actually are. Consequently, people may develop a sense of insecurity, despite statistically low probabilities of similar events happening to them.
Another factor is people’s poor perception. People worry that vaccines can cause severe side effects or long-term health problems. Despite extensive scientific evidence demonstrating their safety and effectiveness, some individuals remain hesitant due to unfounded fears.
It is crucial that we look at the facts if we want to make the best possible decisions for the future. It may be costly to be overly optimistic – but more costly still to be too pessimistic.
【小题1】What aspect of scientific research does the writer worry about in paragraph 2?A.The need to produce results. | B.The selection of research areas. |
C.The lack of financial support. | D.The desire to solve research problem. |
A.To show how influential the mass media can be. |
B.To show how effective environmental groups can be. |
C.To show how the mass media can help groups raise funds. |
D.To show how environmental groups overstate their claims. |
A.educate readers | B.mislead readers |
C.meet readers’ expectations | D.encourage readers’ feedback |
A.Making decisions based on reality. | B.Balancing optimism and pessimism. |
C.Being optimistic to avoid costly mistakes. | D.Addressing the environmental crisis gradually. |
As the days are getting colder, you might wish you could magically turn into a bear and spend the winter sleeping. But don’t be too jealous of the bear, as scientists are looking for ways to let humans hibernate, too!
Hibernation is a state where an animal’s heart rate, breathing and metabolism slow down.Then they can save energy during winter months to survive a shortage of food.
Japanese researchers have found the secret behind hibernation-the “Q neurons”. These neurons in animals’ brains can put them into a hibernation state. The researchers also did surgeries on mice after turning on the mice’s “Q neurons”. It turned out that during hibernation, the surgeries did less damage to the mice’s organs.
According to the team, humans’ “Q neurons” cannot be turned on and off as easily as the mice’s. But they are confident in copying the mice’s hibernation in humans. That means we could let people “hibernate” when having surgery, causing less damage to their bodies.
In recent years, more scientists are waking up to the benefits of hibernation. For example, US scientist Katherine Grabek found that when the thirteen-lined ground squirrel hibernates, it cleans out harmful brain plaques that are related to Alzheimer’s in humans. The animal’s blood pressure also goes up and down greatly before and after hibernating. But it doesn’t suffer from any illness related to blood pressure.
Grabek and her team found molecules from the squirrel that can protect against high blood pressure and heart disease. They hope to find more that may affect human health, and then design drugs.
Some studies in bats showed that, during hibernation, their bodies age more slowly. This also provides new ideas for making humans live longer in the future, according to New Scientist magazine.
【小题1】What have Japanese researchers found?A.It’s hard to turn on the mice’s “Q neurons”. |
B.Humans don’t have “Q neurons” as mice do. |
C.Doing surgeries on mice’s “Q neurons” is difficult. |
D.Doing surgeries in the hibernation state is less harmful to organs. |
A.All animals can hibernate. | B.Hibernation can be dangerous. |
C.Hibernation helps reduce health risks. | D.Animals suffer from the same illness as us. |
A.Eating squirrels helps with high blood pressure. |
B.Hibernation is a treatment for many serious diseases:· |
C.People can hibernate whenever they like in the future. |
D.People may hibernate to slow down aging in the future. |
A.To introduce what hibernation is. | B.To share the findings on hibernation. |
C.To show our achievements in surgeries. | D.To present a new way of doing surgeries. |
German physicist Albert Einstein is one of the most famous scientists of all time, the personification of genius and the subject of a whole industry of scholarship. In The Einsteinian Revolution, two experts on Einstein’s life and his theory of relativity— Israeli physicist Hanoch Gutfreund and German historian of science Jürgen Renn— offer an original and penetrating (犀利的) analysis of Einstein’s revolutionary contributions to physics and our view of the physical world.
For the first time ever, by setting Einstein’s work in the long course of the evolution of scientific knowledge, Gutfr eund and Renn discover the popular misconception of Einstein as an unconventional scientific genius who single-handedly created modern physics—and by pure thought alone.
As a large part of the book explains, Einstein typically argued that science progresses through steady evolution, not through revolutionary breaks with the past. He saw his theory of relativity not as something from scratch, but a natural extension of the classical physics developed by pioneers such as Italian astronomer Galileo Galilei and English physicist Isaac Newton in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, as well as nineteenth-century physicists.
The authors highlight how classical physics cannot be separated cleanly from modern Einsteinian physics. The book also includes substantial sections on Polish astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus and Galileo whose methods inspired Einstein. When Einstein considered himself as standing on their shoulders, he meant that, without their contributions, he would not have formulated (阐述) the theory of relativity.
The Einsteinian Revolution is an important and thought-provoking contribution to the scholarly literature on Einstein and his surprising scientific creativity between 1905 and 1925. Gutfreund and Renn might not have given the final answer as to why Einstein, of all people, revolutionized physics in the way that he did. But they argue in fascinating detail that, to understand his genius, one must take into account not just the earlier history of physics but also the history of knowledge more broadly. Although not always an easy read, the book will interest physicists and historians alike.
【小题1】What’s the attitude of Gutfreund and Renn to the popular viewpoint on Einstein?A.Opposing. | B.Favorable. | C.Ambiguous. | D.Indifferent. |
A.From nothing. | B.Up to a certain standard. |
C.By learning from others. | D.With previous knowledge. |
A.Their ideas were rejected by Einstein. |
B.Their devotion to physics impressed Einstein. |
C.Their research contributed to Einstein’s success. |
D.Their hard work deserved the worldwide respect. |
A.A guidebook to a course. | B.An introduction to a book. |
C.An essay on Albert Einstein. | D.A review of physics development. |
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