“The really frightening thing about middle age,” the actor Doris Day is said to have joked, “is that you know you'll grow out of it.” We may bravely try to claim that life begins at 40- but for many people,it can feel more like the beginning of the end.
Mid life wasn't always seen this way. It isn't clear why we have a more negative view today, but Margie Lachman, director of the lifespan development lab at Brandeis University in Massachusetts, suggests it may be linked to the pressures that begin piling up in our 30s. “Midlife is a period of high stress today, more so than in the past,” she says. “One is exactly in the middle of work and family careers. This can affect one's ability to focus on one's own well-being.”
There are, however, many reasons to feel positive about this crucial period. In a series of experiments, Laura Germine at Harvard Medical School has tested tens of thousands of people to examine the differences in cognitive abilities between age groups. Germine's studies have included the famous “mind in the eyes” test, for instance, which gets people to infer emotional states from small differences in facial expressions. She found that people in their late 40s scored highest. This may be due to practice, she suggests. “When you think about the amount of social differences that one has to learn across the lifespan- that's where we think that comes from.”
Germine found similar patterns in a task demanding continuous attention. In this, the participants had to watch different scenes fade into one another and adapt their response according to what they saw-pressing a button when they saw a city and releasing it when they saw a mountain. 40-somethings found it much easier to “get into the zone” than younger people.
It is interesting to note that middle-aged people frequently bring in the most supplies in traditional hunter-gatherer societies. According to various studies, hunter-gatherers often take decades to learn their skills, and these abilities continue to grow into their 40s.
There are some downsides to hitting this age, of course. Our skin tends to become loose and our body fat starts to be redistributed around the midriff. But after a drop in life satisfaction, happiness is already set to rise at the end of this decade and the beginning of the next.
Contrary to popular opinion, humans seem to have evolved to flourish into middle age and beyond.
【小题1】What can we infer from the first paragraph?A.Doris Day felt excited in her 40s. | B.It's believed that life begins at 40. |
C.Lots of people feel worried at 40. | D.We are supposed to be braver at 40. |
A.People in their 40s attach more importance to their well-being. |
B.There seem to be reasons for us to be optimistic about middle age. |
C.The participants in their 40s did badly in Germine's experiments. |
D.Humans' physical appearance definitely gets worse in their 40s. |
A.Succeed | B.Panic | C.Calm | D.Decline |
A.A textbook | B.An art review. |
C.A science magazine. | D.A biography. |
Everything was put neatly into my suitcase. I’m a flight attendant. I’m so organized, my half of the closet could be a display at The Container Store. My husband’s half of the closet? Just thinking about it made my head ache. I carried my suitcase downstairs. Bill was in the kitchen cooking. Looking at the messy kitchen, I shouted, “Why do you have to be so messy?” Bill looked hurt, “What?” I sighed and left for the airport.
On my last flight, an elderly couple had the seats in my section. They held hands during takeoff. Later I caught them looking into each other’s eyes. Something about that look was familiar. Then I realized: it was the look Bill and I had worn in our wedding photographs. I couldn’t resist asking them about the secret of their long-lasting marriage. “Have fun together” the man said, “and never take each other for granted.”
His words circled in my head long after we landed. Bill wasn’t perfect. But then, was I? I kept complaining about his messiness and forgot his kindness, his ability to see the bright side of every situation-qualities that ran so much deeper, the reasons I had married him in the first place
I took out my cell phone and called Bill. “I miss you already.” I said. “I miss you too, Kim,” he said. As soon as my flights were over, I rushed home. Bill met me at the door. “I have a surprise for you.” he said and led me into the kitchen. I glanced around the room. He really had worked hard. In spite of the fingerprints on that microwave floor, I could see our reflection in it: my husband and I, our smiles glowing with love for each other, just like in our wedding photos.
【小题1】Why did Kim get so angry with her husband?A.She found his weaknesses one morning. |
B.She didn’t love him any more. |
C.He left things in an untidy state. |
D.He turned a deaf ear to her complaints. |
A.They never quarreled with each other. |
B.They often made fun of each other. |
C.They kept their love so fresh. |
D.They took each other for granted. |
A.she realized Bill wasn’t perfect |
B.she got inspired by the old couple |
C.her husband had cleaned up the kitchen |
D.they had their wedding photos taken |
A.Love You, Love Your Mess | B.Love is blind, Love is messy |
C.The Wedding Photos | D.A Loving Old Couple. |
Even the most intuitive (直觉的) people make dumb decisions now and then. Being “intelligent” or “smart” doesn’t make anyone immune to making a bad decision, explains author and investment strategist Michael J. Mauboussin in his book Think Twice. If you want to improve your luck and make better decisions more often, Mauboussin writes, your best bet is to think twice and follow a few simple rules, which involves doing some planning first and avoid the faults that often trap many decision makers who think their intuitive feelings are infallible.
Believing that each of our problems is unique is often our first decision-making mistake. Simply considering outside views and the experiences of others can improve all decisions. Failing to consider alternatives is another way to make bad decisions.”Tunnel vision” is created when we reduce our options instead of opening our minds to more choices or forget how hidden incentives (激励) can influence our decisions.
Overvaluing an expert opinion is another common pitfall for decision-makers, the author explains. Thanks to modern technology, we no longer have to limit our decisions to the opinions of a few experts. Today, we can tap into more accurate computer models and powerful social networks that offer us the “wisdom of crowds” to help us make better decisions.
Another common decision-making mistake is failing to notice how much we are influenced by other people. Peer pressure can be powerful, so Mauboussin encourages us to make an effort to recognize the conscious and subconscious social influences that could be weighing on our choices.
By providing us with the tools to challenge our subconscious intuition, Mauboussin shows us how to recognize our problematic habits, take them into account when we make decisions and move past them to get to the better decisions and better rates of success on the other side.
【小题1】What does the underlined word “infallible” in the first paragraph mean?A.Always right. | B.Always wrong. | C.Always practical. | D.Always acceptable. |
A.Open our minds to more options. | B.Make use of wisdom of crowds. |
C.Turn to experts for advice. | D.Avoid peers’ influence. |
A.Follow your heart. | B.Good habits make life. |
C.Think twice before you leap. | D.Learn from your mistakes. |
A.Identify problems. | B.Share opinions. |
C.Illustrate phenomena. | D.Seek suggestions. |
I was eleven years old standing outside in just my underwear while I watched the house that I grew up in rapidly burn to the ground.
A few minutes earlier I had been in bed when a scream woke me up. My grandma’s bedroom was just next to mine and my elder brother’s. A fire had broken out there and awakened her. Hearing her scream, my elder brother jumped to action, running from room to room quickly to wake everyone in the house. However, before we could do anything, the fire had consumed (烧毁) the old and wooden house.
I stood there shivering (颤抖) while the fire destroyed my books, clothes, and toys. I watched helplessly while my Mom cried and my Dad sighed. I wondered what was going to happen to us now that we had lost all of our things. As I looked around, though, I realized something for the first time: What matters aren’t things. I saw my elder brother running across the swinging (摇摆的) bridge by our house to get help. I saw my eldest brother who was on crutches (拐棍) from an earlier accident standing unsteadily on one leg. I saw my grandma and dad wrapped in each other’s arms and my mum holding our little dog. I realized at that moment that we were all alive. Everything that was essential had survived the fire. Our lives would continue. We would survive without the “stuff” that was burning. We would all be around to love each other for many years to come. And that was all that mattered.
I still think of that fire at night. It helped me to become who I am today. It showed me for the very first time what is truly essential in life. It helped me to learn that the love we share is far more important than the things we possess.
Live your life then for the things that matter, not for the things you own. Love others. Let the fire inside of you make this world a warmer place. Let your soul shine bright.
【小题1】Who first found the house was on fire?A.The author. | B.The grandma. |
C.The elder brother. | D.A passer-by. |
A.Exited and worried. | B.Worried but lucky. |
C.Unhappy and upset. | D.Happy but worried. |
A.Important. | B.Perfect. |
C.Amazing. | D.Unique. |
A.We all have each other | B.The magic of a fire |
C.Growing up with memory | D.Ways to be a better man |
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