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Renewable energy projects, including onshore and offshore wind and solar farms, have so far been subsidized(资助)by government support schemes. This has led to some to complain that clean energy is pushing up bills.

However, the most recently approved offshore wind projects will most likely operate with ‘negative subsidies’—paying money back to the government. The money will go towards reducing household energy bills as the offshore wind farms start producing power in the mid-2020s.

This is the conclusion of an analysis by an international team led by Imperial College London researchers published today in Nature Energy.

Lead researcher Dr Malte Jansen, from the Centre for Environmental Policy at Imperial, said: “Offshore wind power will soon be so cheap to produce that it will undercut fossil-fueled power stations and may, be the cheapest form of energy for the UK. Energy subsidies used to push up energy bills, but within a few years cheap renewable energy will see them brought down for the first time. This is an astonishing development.”

The analysis for five countries in Europe, including the UK, focused on a series of government auctions(拍卖)for offshore wind farms between February 2015 and September 2019. Companies that want to build wind farms bid in the auctions by stating the price at which they will sell the energy they produce to the government.


These are known as ‘contracts for difference’ or CIDs. If a company's bid is higher than the wholesale electricity price on the UK market once the wind farm is up and running, then the company will receive a subsidy from the government to top up the price.

However, if the stated price(规定价格)is less than the wholesale price, then the company will pay the government back the difference. This payback is then passed through to consumer's energy bills, reducing the amount that homes and businesses will pay for electricity.

The winning companies said they could build new offshore wind farms for around £40 per megawatt hour(MWh)of power. This was a new record set by these wind farms with bids 30 percent lower than just two years earlier.

【小题1】What does the passage mainly talk about?
A.Offshore wind farms to be built in the UK could reduce household energy bills by producing electricity very cheaply.
B.Offshore wind farms will not be subsidized by government in the near future.
C.The importance of CDs.
D.The operation of negative subsidies
【小题2】According to Paragraph 2, offshore wind farms _______.
A.will stop producing power in the mid-2020sB.are paying money back to the government
C.will help reduce household energy billsD.will all operate with negative subsidies'
【小题3】What can be inferred from the passage?
A.The renewable energy projects will lead to some to complain that clean energy is pushing up bills.
B.The company whose bid is less than the wholesale electricity price will receive a subsidy.
C.The stated electricity price is now higher than the wholesale electricity price.
D.Fossil-fueled power will be soon produced cheaply,
【小题4】What is the author's attitude towards the offshore wind farms?
A.Curious.B.Pessimistic.C.Indifferent.D.Optimistic.
【小题5】Where does this text probably come from?
A.A science fiction.B.A financial magazine.
C.An advertisementD.A science report
20-21高一下·江苏泰州·期中
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You choose to be a winner!

The Winners Club is a bank account specially designed for teenagers. It has been made to help you better manage your money. The Winners Club is a transaction account(交易账户)where you receive a keycard so you can get to your money 24/7 ----that's 24 hours a day, 7 days a week!

It's a club with impressive features(特色)for teenagers:

No account keeping   fees

You're no millionaire so we don’t expect you to pay large fees. In fact, there are no accounts keeping or transaction fees!

Excellent   interest   rates

You want your money to grow. The Winners Club has a good rate of interest which gets even better if you make at least two deposits(储蓄)without taking them out in a month.

Convenient

Teenagers are busy –we get that. You may never need to come to a bank at all. With the Winners Club you can choose to use handy tellers and to bank from home using the phone and the Internet… You can have money or your pay from your part-time job!

Mega magazine   included

Along with your regular report, you will receive a FREE magazine full of good ideas to make even more of your money. There are also fantastic offers and competitions only for Winners Club members.

The Winners Club is a great choice for teenagers. And it is so easy to join. Simply fill in an application form. You will have to get permission(许可)from   your parent but it is easy. We can't wait to hear from you. It's the best way to choose to be a winner.

【小题1】The Winners Club is a bank account for .
A.parentsB.teenagers
C.winnersD.millionaires
【小题2】What can we learn about the Winners Club from the passage?
A.The bank opens only on work days.
B.Services are convenient for its members.
C.A good rate of interest is ready for parents.
D.Fees are necessary for the account keeping.
【小题3】Why does the Winners Club provide magazines?
A.To encourage spending.B.To win some competitions.
C.To send you regular reports.D.To help you make more money.
【小题4】If you want to be a member of the Winners Club, you must
A.be permitted by your parentB.have a lot of money.
C.be an Internet userD.have two deposits.
【小题5】What is the purpose of this passage?
A.To set up a club.B.To organize keycards.
C.To provide part-time jobs.D.To introduce a new banking service.

The popular college rankings focus primarily on prestige as measured by the SAT scores of incoming students and how many applicants are turned away. An initiative (措施) started last fall by the Obama administration could help families go beyond these limited, and far too easily exploited, indexes to learn quickly and easily how a college is compared with its competitors nationally on important criteria like graduation rates, what a degree actually costs and how much debt a student can expect to run up by graduation day.

If the federal government makes it legally necessary to disclose this information in a clear and consistent (一贯的) way, as it should, families will be better able to make informed college choices. And this will help put pressure on colleges that perform poorly to improve.

Critics may regard this initiative as an example of government overreach. But given that the federal government spends nearly $190 billion a year on higher education aid to students, it has a legitimate interest in making sure that the money flows to the schools that best meet their responsibilities to families and students.

Congress has taken some steps to require greater transparency (透明) from colleges. The 1990 Student Right to Know Act, for example, required colleges and universities that receive federal aid to disclose graduation rates. And the 2008 Higher Education Opportunity Act required schools to offer a way for consumers to determine actual costs after student aid is taken into account.

But many colleges have done a poor job of obeying federal disclosure rules, and much of the available information is not in one place. The administration’s new efforts would enforce reporting requirements and provide some new tools.

President Obama wants to expand campus-based aid to about $10 billion from the current $2.7 billion. He has proposed moving money away from colleges that fail to control tuition increases or provide good value to others that do a better job. That is a worthy idea in principle, but he will need strong data-based evidence to determine how colleges are doing.

The transparency initiatives are a good place to start and should be embraced by both parties in Congress. If students and families, facing higher tuition and rising debt, are to make sound choices, they need more and better information.

【小题1】Why did the Obama administration start the initiative last fall?
A.To require colleges to make their graduation rates known to the public.
B.To help colleges perform better in the future.
C.To help parents and students make better choices of colleges.
D.To put more pressure on colleges that are not doing well enough.
【小题2】Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?
A.Critics agree that the government should require colleges to obey the disclosure rules.
B.Congress has approved and made the transparency initiatives a law.
C.SAT scores alone do not determine one’s choice of college.
D.Students and families find it very difficult to choose their ideal colleges now.
【小题3】A most suitable title for the passage could be ______.
A.Congress To Require Greater Transparency
B.What College Parents and Students Need to Know
C.What a Good College Is Measured By
D.Parents and Students Need to Make Wise Choices
【小题4】What attitude does the author hold towards the transparency initiative?
A.Supportive.B.Critical.C.Indifferent.D.Not stated.

That the US stock market dropped sharply immediately after the US government put forward the proposal on Tuesday to tighten the control on exports of various artificial intelligence technologies indicates what the market thinks of the move.

Multi-national corporations have led the way in the profound compressing(压缩) of time and space that has flattened and changed the world over the last couple of decades, and the overwhelming majority of international technological transfers have been conducted among multi-national companies in pursuit of profits.

Thus the proposal the US government put forward on Tuesday to tighten the control to “avoid negatively impacting US leadership in the science, technology, engineering and manufacturing sector” is being viewed not only as a brake on the US economy but also as a barrier to maintaining that leadership since it will reduce cooperation with the rest of the world and shrink the market for US companies preventing them from investing research and development.

The bigger its market, the more profits a technology company can earn, and the more money it then has to invest in developing even more advanced technologies. This is as true for US companies as it is for others.

Behind the proposal is the narrow-mindedness of policymakers in the US administration, who choose to ignore the fact that the United States would not have become the world leader in science and technology if it had kept its doors closed.

If such controls are intended to contain China’s development, they will certainly fail.

It is true that China has a lot to do to catch up with the US and other developed countries. Yet it has made great steps forward by opening its doors and cooperating with other economies.

As it opens its door wider, it will have even more opportunities to cooperate with other countries in science and technology.

The de-materialization of economic activities — with economic output and income generation increasingly reliant on information rather than inputs of raw materials — only increases the need for cooperative agreements and a cross-disciplinary approach to increase the capabilities of AI and advance its application.

By trying to enforce and exploit an invented-here ideal that is untenable, the US will undoubtedly lose the leadership in science and technology gradually to which it has become accustomed, and prevent the progress of both humans and machines.

【小题1】What does the market think of the proposal put forward by the US on Tuesday?
A.It will tighten the control on exports of various AI technologies.
B.It will become drawbacks which prevent the US from developing fast.
C.If the US had kept its door closed, it would have become the superpower.
D.If the market becomes bigger, a technology company can earn more profits.
【小题2】What influence will the proposal have on China’s development?
A.It will increase the capabilities of AI in China.
B.It won’t stop China’s development though it aims to.
C.It won’t let China become the world leader in science.
D.It will make China lose many opportunities after it takes effect.
【小题3】What conclusion can we draw from the passage?
A.Most of International technological transfers will be conducted so as to seek profits.
B.The US has become accustomed to its leadership in technology and will maintain it.
C.The US will suffer from its control of a variety of artificial intelligence technologies.
D.China has made too big steps in science & technology to cooperate with other countries.

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