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Extract(摘要)1
A computer is an "information processor".It is given information,called "data",instructed to do certain things and then show us the results.The data put into the computer is called the"input" and the results which come out are the "output".Some people say the circle of large standing stones at Stonechenge is a kind of computer.Prehistory people worked out their calendar(日历)from the position of the shadows made by the sun shining on the stones.
Extract 2
Teach yourself new subjects and skills at your own pace with a home computer.Use it to help with schoolwork,for self-improvement,even to improve your career skills.Learn touchtyping.   Foreign languages or computer programming.A home computer can help children of all ages learn classroom subjects such as spelling,geography and others.In fact it makes learning fun.So if you want to teach yourself,or help your children teach themselves-get a home computer.It can also help you manage your personal finances or help you to work taxes and plan household budgets.You can make business a pleasure with a home computer.
【小题1】The writer introduces the words such as "input" and "output" in order to_____.
A.introduce people to computer language
B.show computer language is the same as English
C.help people some scientific language
D.give people some scientific language
【小题2】Why does the writer talk about Stonechenge in Extract 1?
A.To give an example of the very first computer.
B.To show that computers are older than mankind.
C.To tell the difference between the past and the present.
D.To give another way of explaining computers.
【小题3】If you think of the circle of large standing stones as a computer,_____.
A.the shadow is the input and the position is the output
B.the sunlight is the input and the calendar is the output
C.the position is the input and the sunlight is the output
D.the calendar is the input and the shadow is the output
【小题4】Extract 2 is probably taken from_____.
A.a computer textbookB.a company's advertisement
C.a teach-yourself computer bookD.a children's guide to computers
12-13高二上·甘肃天水·期中
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Technology is forever changing the way we get our news. Many people now get a lot of their news on electronic devices, instead of traditional media, such as newspapers, television or radio. Now, there is a new way we get the news: computer-created news readers.

Recently, China’s Xinhua launched(推出)the world’s first AI news presenters with the Chinese search engine Sogou. The news readers created by machine learning technology are based on two real-life newsmen. One is able to present newscasts in English; the other, in Mandarin Chinese.

Machine learning is used to examine video images and sounds of the two newsmen, which look and sound like real people. Some machine learning experts said the system showed off China’s latest progress in voice recognition, text-to-speech technology and data analysis. But several experts suggested that the term Al does not correctly describe abilities of the robotic news readers.

On social media, many Chinese noted that the AI presenters did not seem real. People blamed them for not being more lifelike. Others wondered about the effects robots might have on employment and workers. Some people argued that only low-level jobs requiring heavy labor will be easily replaced by robots. Others praised the technology as a way for companies to make money from low-cost labor machines.

Some businesses have experimented with similar technology for possible use in news operations. Britain’s BBC recently released a video that used machine learning to make it look like one of its news readers speaking different languages. The London-based company that developed the system says its goal is to “remove the language barrier” for many different kinds of video across the Internet.

【小题1】What does the author intend to do in Paragraph 1?
A.Introduce the topic of the text.B.Summarize the different opinions.
C.Add some data about the AI presenters.D.Compare different ways of getting news.
【小题2】What is the machine learning technology used to do?
A.To bring newscasts up to date every hour.
B.To help AI presenters speak more fluently.
C.To keep AI presenters from making any mistakes.
D.To ensure images and sounds are like those of real persons.
【小题3】What are some people worried about when AI presenters were launched?
A.Robots will rule over the world in the end.
B.Robots will eventually replace human all over.
C.Robots may endanger most people’s health.
D.Robots may threaten some people’s employment.
【小题4】What can we know from the last paragraph?
A.BBC has done similar experiments as Xinhua does.
B.BBC has removed the language barrier in newscasts.
C.BBC shows interest in Xinhua’s AI news presenters.
D.BBC’s news readers can explore different technologies.

The lander carrying China's first Mars rover (巡视器) successfully touched down on the red planet early Saturday morning Beijing Time. It is the first time China has landed a probe (探测器) on a planet other than Earth.

Tianwen—1, consisting of an orbiter, a lander and a rover, was launched from the Wenchang Spacecraft Launch Site on July 23, 2020. This is the first step in China's planetary exploration of the solar system, with the purpose of completing orbiting, landing and roving on the red planet in one mission.

The name Tianwen, meaning “questions to Heaven”, comes from a poem written by the ancient Chinese poet Qu Yuan (about 340—278 BC). China's first Mars rover is named Zhurong after the god of lire in ancient Chinese mythology, which echoes with the Chinese name of the red planet: Huoxing (the planet of fire).

Tianwen—1was launched via a Long March—5 rocket, China's largest launch vehicle. The craft has been traveling in space for nearly 10 months. It was 192 million km from Earth when it reached.

The craft's plummet (骤降) through the Martian atmosphere, lasting about nine minutes, was extremely complicated with no ground control, and had to be performed by the craft autonomously within a very short period of time.

Geng Yan, an official with the Lunar Exploration and Space Program Center of the CNSA, said, “What added to the difficulties was that we don't know much about the Martian atmosphere, which brought a lot of uncertainties to the mission. Each step had only one chance, and the actions were closely linked. If there had been any flaw, the landing would have failed."

【小题1】What is the mission of Tianwen—1?
A.To launch a rocket.B.To accomplish tasks on Mars.
C.To reach the planet.D.To perform a miracle on Mars.
【小题2】What is paragraph 3 mainly about?
A.The reasons for the landing on Mars.
B.The introduction of the poet Qu Yuan.
C.The importance of ancient Chinese mythology.
D.The origin of the names Tianwen and Zhurong.
【小题3】Which of the following made the craft's plummet difficult?
A.Many landing steps.B.A long travelling journey.
C.Being blocked by the atmosphere.D.Completing the actions independently.
【小题4】What does the underlined word in the last paragraph mean?
A.Progress.B.Mistake.
C.Change.D.Barrier.
This is VOA. The National Cryptologic Museum is on Fort George G. Meade, a military base near Washington, DC. The method of hiding exact meanings is called coding. People have used secret codes throughout history to protect important information. The National Cryptologic Museum celebrated 60 years of cryptologic excellence in 2012. One event there marked the sixtieth anniversary of the National Security Agency. Two former NSA workers shared their memories of operating a code machine called Sigaba.
In 1940, an American woman named Genevieve Grotjan found some information being repeated in Japanese coded messages. Her discovery helped the United States understand secret Japanese diplomatic messages. After the United States understood the code, it was possible to study messages from the Japanese ambassador to Germany and to his supervisors in Japan.
Understanding these messages helped the United States prepare for a possible war in the Pacific with Japan. After the attack on Pearl Harbor. the American naval commander in the Pacific Ocean was Chester Nimitz. His forces were much smaller than the Japanese Naval forces. And the Japanese had been winning many victories. Joseph Rochefort had worked for several months to read the secret Japanese Naval code called JN-25. If he could understand enough of the code, he would be able to give Admiral Nimitz very valuable information.
From the beginning of 1942, the Japanese code discussed a place called "AF." Joseph Rochefort felt the Japanese were planning an important battle aimed at "AF." After several weeks, he and other naval experts told Admiral Nimitz that their best idea was that the "AF" in the Japanese code was the American-held island of Midway. Admiral Nimitz said he must have more information to prepare for such an attack.
The Navy experts decided to trick Japan. They told the American military force on Midway to broadcast a false message. The message would say the island was having problems with its water-processing equipment. The message asked that fresh water be sent to the island immediately. This message was not sent in code.
Several days later, a Japanese radio broadcast in the JN-25 code said that "AF" had little water. Joseph Rochefort had the evidence he needed. "AF" was now known to be the island of Midway. He also told Admiral Nimitz the Japanese would attack Midway on June 13.The battle that followed was a huge American victory.   That victory was possible because Joseph Rochefort learned to read enough of the Japanese code to discover the meaning of the letters "AF."
One American code has never been broken. Perhaps it never will. It was used in the Pacific during World War Two. For many years the government would not discuss this secret code. Listen for a moment to this very unusual code. Then you may understand why the Japanese military forces were never able to understand any of it.
The code is in the voice of a Native American. The man you just heard is singing a simple song in the Navajo language. Very few people outside the Navajo nation are able to speak any of their very difficult language.
At the beginning of World War Two, the United States Marine Corps asked members of the Navajo tribe to train as Code Talkers.
The Cryptologic Museum says the Marine Corps Code Talkers could take a sentence in English and change it into their language in about 20 seconds. A code machine needed about 30 minutes to do the same work.
The Navajo Code Talkers took part in every battle the Marines entered in the Pacific during World War Two. The Japanese were very skilled at breaking codes. But they were never able to understand any of what they called "The Marine Code."
The Cryptologic Museum has many pieces of mechanical and electric equipment used to change words into code. It also has almost as many examples of machines used to try to change code back into useful words.
【小题1】The NSA was founded__________.
A.in 1940B.1942
C.in 1952D.in 2012
【小题2】According to the passage, which one is not right?
A.“Cryptologic’’ implies containing some hidden information
B.The US decoded “AF” and won the victory in Midway Islands
C.Both Rchefort and Nimitz were American navy commanders
D.The US Marine Corps was fallen for in Midway Islands battle
【小题3】The Americans used the Navajo language in their coding system during the Second World War for the reason that      .
A.unusual language was successfully used for codes
B.it was commonly used in coding system worldwide
C.the United States Marine Corps invented it then
D.it was the most beautiful language in the world
【小题4】This passage is probably adapted from ____________.
A.an evening paper
B.a science fiction
C.a broadcasting program
D.a travel guidebook

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