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The Nez Perce Indians are a tribe that lived in the Pacific Northwest of the United States. At the time of the Lewis and Clark expedition (探险队) , which was one of the first journeys by Americans from the Atlantic coast to the Pacific coast and back again, the Nez Perce territory (领土) covered about 17 million acres, covering parts of Washington, Oregon, and Idaho. But that was a brief sweet history.

In September 1805, when Lewis and Clark came off the Rockies on their westward journey, the entire exploring party was hungry and ill -- too weak to defend themselves.

Had the Nez Perce chosen to attack them, they could have put an end to the Lewis and Clark expedition there on the banks of Clearwater River. Instead the Nez Perce welcomed the white Americans and looked after them until they made a full recovery. Thus began a long friendship between the Nez Perce and white Americans. But white men’s greed for land and gold finally broke the friendship.

In 1855 Governor Isaac Stevens of Washington Territory invited the Nez Perce to a peace conference. He said there were a great many white people in the country, and many more would come. But the Chief of the tribe at that time, Old Joseph, replied, “Take away your paper. I will not touch it with my hand.”

Things were quiet for a while after that, but not for long. When Old Joseph died, the chiefship was passed onto Young Joseph. In the late 1870s, government officials came to order the Nez Perce to leave the Wallowa Valley and then began hard battles between the Nez Perce and the white soldiers. After the tribe had fought thirteen battles and moved 1,600 miles to-wards Canada in an attempt to retreat(撤退) north, Young Joseph, gave in to the United States Army. Here was his famous statement, “Hear me my chiefs. I am tired; my heart is sick and sad. From where the sun now stands I will fight no more forever.”

In 1885, Chief Joseph was sent along with many of his band to the Colville Reservation in Washington where Joseph continued to lead his band for another 25 years, at times coming into conflict with the leaders of 11 other tribes living on the reservation.(保留地,居留地)

【小题1】What is TRUE about the Lewis and Clark expedition?
A.They were well cared for by the Nez Perce.
B.They ended their expedition on the banks of Clearwater River.
C.They started the first battle with the Nez Perce.
D.They were the first Americans to travel from the Atlantic to the Pacific.
【小题2】What ended the friendship between the Nez Perce and the Whites?
A.Old Joseph’s proud manner
B.White men’s increasing demand for land and gold
C.A growing number of white men in the land
D.The breakdown of the peace talk
【小题3】Young Joseph gave in at last because ________.
A.he grew olderB.he was terribly ill
C.he hated the warD.he lost other chiefs’ support
【小题4】The passage might be followed by a paragraph about ________.
A.the customs and traditions of the Nez Perce Indians
B.the last years of Chief Joseph in the Colville Reservation
C.lasting fights between the Nez Perce and the whites
D.constant conflicts between the Nez Perce and other tribes
2021·甘肃嘉峪关·三模
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I dropped out of college after my first year. Three years later, I returned to college after having been stuck in a dead-end job, working at a department store. I saw school as my way out. But I quickly found myself up against the same problems that had caused me to give up before: I was in over my head with college-level algebra(代数) and a heavy workload of reading and writing homework. In addition, I was still unsure of my career(职业)direction.

After about a week in community college, I was feeling the same upset and fear I'd felt a few years earlier. I was ready to drop out again. Then a smartly dressed woman with grey hair walked confidently to the front of my English composition class."Look at you! You're here because you want to change your lives for the better. And you're going to make it!"

Mrs. Peters didn't know me from any of the other 40 faces in her classroom, yet I felt she was speaking directly to me. She knew exactly what I was feeling and what many of my classmates were probably feeling as well, and she lessened our fears. I came out of that class making up my mind to succeed.

Having trouble keeping up with the workload? Break it down into small manageable pieces, and set up a schedule that works for you, she told us. Professors teaching too fast for you to take notes? Interrupt(打断) them with a question so you can catch up on your notes before they continue, she advised. If college algebra is too difficult, drop back to introductory college math, she suggested. As for English composition, which can be hard and boring, she gave us interesting writing homework.

She never let us lose sight of our dreams. "Go for the best: you're worth it."she said when we graduated.

I left that community college with high grades and went on to do further studies. Mrs. Peters wouldn't know that when she gave that talk, she made a huge difference in my life.

【小题1】Why did the author go back to college?
A.He was out of a job.B.He was dissatisfied with his job.
C.He tried to start his own business.D.He hoped to learn more about algebra.
【小题2】What troubled the author at college?
A.He did badly in recent exams.B.He was forced to leave school
C.He failed to manage his studies.D.He was beaten by bitter memories
【小题3】How did Mrs. Peters affect the author?
A.By showing favor to him.B.By talking with him directly.
C.By setting him extra homeworkD.By giving him inspiration and skills

When I tell people I wrote a book with my dad, they usually say, “It must be nice to think of the legacy (留下来的东西) you created with someone who means so much to you.”

This was a beautiful idea, but it was not the way I, or my dad, ever thought about the cooperation. Though we created something we’re proud of, “nice” is not the word either of us uses to describe the process.

“It was more confrontation than cooperation,” my dad likes to say. I agree. When we landed a book deal, we began a writing journey that was more difficult than either of us had anticipated, but also far more rewarding.

For almost three years, we met once or twice a week at my parents’ house and talked daily to plan and outline each chapter. After these meetings, one of us would write a rough draft that the other would build on. I wanted the book to focus on positive vices (不良习惯), such as moderate chocolate. However, my dad felt the book should include chapters dealing with things like walking and spending time with family. Ultimately, I saw it his way. He said the book was about more than just good vices. It was about encouraging people to enjoy life in healthy ways.

Writing this book was a reminder that our family members share not only our faults but also our strengths. My dad is smart, funny, critical and caring. He has a strong passion for the truth. I hope I share these great qualities. For this book, he researched each topic with an enthusiasm I’d never seen from him, and he insisted that we constantly question and critically analyze every piece of information — even our own conclusions. He was determined to cooperate with me on a book, not because he couldn’t write one on his own, but because he believed that we could create something better together than we could alone.

I’m not sure if our cooperation led to better writing, but I’m sure it led to a better writing experience. Writing this book was difficult, sometimes more difficult than past projects, but it was never lonely.

【小题1】How would the author describe the writing process according to the first three paragraphs?
A.Nice.B.Struggling.
C.Relaxing.D.Disappointing.
【小题2】The author’s father insisted the book should include _____________.
A.chapters focusing on positive vices
B.chapters focusing on having much chocolate
C.chapters focusing on enjoying life in healthy ways
D.chapters focusing on reading the interesting legends
【小题3】What is Paragraph 5 mainly about?
A.A healthy lifestyle.
B.The theme of the book.
C.Why the author wanted to write a book.
D.How the author and his father worked together.
【小题4】What can we learn about the author’s father?
A.He is not good at writing.
B.He lacks confidence in himself.
C.He likes to criticize others’ works.
D.He likes to get to the bottom of things.
【小题5】What did the author learn from the cooperation with his father?
A.It’s important to make a plan before work.
B.Communicate more when there is an argument.
C.It’s worthwhile to work with someone close to you.
D.Their cooperation resulted in a better book than the author expected.
It was a hot, humid day, and my brother Walt and I had decided that the only way to survive it would be to go swimming in a deep swimming hole across Mr.Blickez’s pasture(牧场) and through some woods.
The only problem with our plan was that this pasture was guarded by a huge, mean Hereford bull. Mr.Blickez had told us that Elsie was the meanest bull in the township, maybe even the county, and we believed him. But the hotter it got, the more we thought there was something fishy about his claim. For one thing, we remembered Mr.Blickez liked telling tall tales; for another, Elsie seemed like an odd name for a bull.
Finally, I talked Mom into asking permission for us to walk through the pasture, but then another problem surfaced. Mom said she would talk to Mr.Blickez if we would take our cousin Joanie along with us. Joanie was almost two years older than me and a head taller. If her teasing ever got around my grade school, it would be all over for me. In fact, I still had a headache from a quarrel with her that morning. “I’m not going swimming with that dumb girl cousin.” I told my mom.
“Either Joanie goes with, or you stay home alone,” Mom said in her serious tone. I gave in and we set out. On our way across the pasture, Walt yelled suddenly. Elsie had approached him quietly and was licking(舔) his back. Joanie and I dove under the wire fence, but while I was on the ground I looked up and saw that Elsie wasn’t a big mean bull after all. She was going to keep licking my brother’s back as long as he stood still.
We had many good days growing up and visiting our secret swimming hole guarded by the so-called “big mean bull”. And as it turned out, for a girl cousin, Joanie hasn’t been too bad. She’s been one of my best friends over the years.
【小题1】What’s the meaning of the underline word “fishy” in Paragraph 2?
A.Funny.B.Interesting.
C.Doubtful.D.Believable.
【小题2】What’s the second problem the author has to face?
A.His mother insisted on his cousin going with him.
B.His cousin made jokes on him in his grade school.
C.He quarreled with his cousin and had a headache.
D.His mother failed to ask permission for him.
【小题3】What does the author think of Elsie in the end?
A.Aggressive.B.Unkind.
C.Bad-tempered.D.Friendly.
【小题4】What’s the passage mainly about?
A.The bull guarding Mr.Blickez’s farm.
B.The story of visiting the swimming hole.
C.How friendly the so-called mean bull was.
D.How the author changed his attitude to Joanie.

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