“We found that the knowledge gained from success was often fleeting while knowledge from failure stuck around for years,” said professor Desai, who led the study. “But companies often ignore failure. Managers may fire people or turn over the whole workforce while they should treat the failure as a learning opportunity.”
Prof Desai compared the flights of the space shuttle Atlantis and the Challenger. During the Atlantis flight last year, a piece of insulation (绝缘体) broke off and damaged the left solid rocket booster (助推火箭) but didn’t influence the program. There was little investigation. The Challenger was launched next and another piece of insulation broke off. This time the shuttle and its seven–person crew were destroyed. The disaster led to a major investigation resulting in 29 changes to prevent future disasters.
The difference in response in the two cases came down to this: Atlantis was considered a success and the Challenger a failure.
“Despite crowded skies, airlines are extremely reliable,” he said. “The number of failures is extremely small. And past researches have shown that older airlines, those with more experience in failure, have a lower number of accidents.”
Prof Desai doesn’t recommend finding out failure in order to learn. Instead, he advises organizations to analyze small failures to collect useful information rather than wait for major failures.
【小题1】Why did experts pay little attention to the problem of Atlantis?
A.Because it worked perfectly. |
B.Because the right booster was still OK. |
C.Because nothing serious happened then. |
D.Because fewer people died in the flight. |
A.their planes couldn’t fly high in the sky |
B.they gained much from experience in failure |
C.their planes were often checked by the experts |
D.they were unpopular among passengers |
A.show failure is a better teacher than success |
B.explain why Challenger failed |
C.introduce something about Prof Desai |
D.tell managers how to achieve success |
A.Giving definitions. |
B.Making comparisons. |
C.Analyzing causes. |
D.Providing different examples. |
People are looking to make meaning after the global pandemic. And one way that some of us do this is to credit coincidences—the unexpected concurrence (同时发生) of events—with helping to find jobs, friends and spouses, make significant career decisions and relieve pains. Scholars disagree on the cause of coincidences. Some say they are random and due to probability. Others see God or spiritual forces at work. Still others say it’s our subconscious making connections. No matter the cause, people who study coincidences say that paying attention to these moments may help us, especially in times of stress.
Studies show that noticing coincidences may help boost both the effectiveness of psychotherapy and mental well-being. Michael Schauch, 42, an investment-portfolio manager in Squamish, British Columbia, who is an avid mountaineer, lost his best friend Brent last year. A few months later, Mr. Schauch climbed a mountain he and Brent often scaled together. At the summit, Mr. Schauch found hundreds of ladybugs. When he climbed a different mountain on the anniversary of Brent’s death, he saw a ladybug as he started up each new section of the rock face. “I knew at once that it was Brent, and that he was still there with me, as if to say: ‘You’ve got this, Mike. Keep going!’” he says.
Coincidences can make the world feel like it makes good sense, says David B. Yaden, an assistant professor at the Johns Hopkins University School. Varieties of spiritual experiences show a correlation (关联) between coincidences and an increase in positive emotions,better personal relationships and a greater sense of meaning in life.
Coincidences are more likely to happen to certain people. “People who are troubled by distress and searching for signs are more likely to experience coincidences,” says Bemard Beitman, a psychiatrist and a coincidence researcher. If you’d like to enhance your ability to notice coincidences, there are several strategies, says Lisa Miller, a clinical psychologist: Be open to them. Write them down. Talk about them with others. “We really need this deep inner wisdom.” she says.
【小题1】What can we learn about coincidences from paragraph 1?A.They happen as expected. | B.They provide guidance or relief. |
C.They activate subconscious mind. | D.They contribute to invisible forces. |
A.To clarify the cause of coincidences. |
B.To offer a method of coping with grief. |
C.To show the comforting effect of coincidences. |
D.To present a solid friendship between two climbers. |
A.Lucky people tend to be surprised by coincidences. |
B.Wisdom is to the soul what mental health is to the body. |
C.Coincidences mean more to our daily lives than the surface. |
D.The more we cultivate coincidences, the more likely they happen. |
A.The meaningful moments in life. | B.The hidden power of coincidences. |
C.The various opinions on coincidences. | D.The strategies for noticing coincidences. |
Parents annoyed by their children’s picky eating habits have taken to social media to share a host of creative ways to deal with them in a new thread gaining popularity online. In these lunch box notes posted onto sites, mothers and fathers have used threats, persuasion and even little white lies to talk their youngsters into finishing their sandwiches.
One talented father created the tag “Dadfact” in an effort to persuade his child into eating their sandwiches using information that might not be completely reliable. He scribbled on a napkin, “Every time you don’t eat your sandwich a unicorn(独角兽) dies Dadfact Love, Dad”. A further technique from a separate note was a drawing of a scary monster, ordering the little one to, “Eat your food!”
Everyone knows coming to terms with bread crusts is a difficult job. One parent’s inspiring note encouraged their child to leave the world of crustless sandwiches behind. They wrote, “I left the crusts on. Today is the first day of the rest of your life.”
Another cheered on their child with a note which read, “You can do it! Love yourself.” A father appeared to be laying down the law when he wrote, “New rule: I will keep packing this sandwich until you eat it. Good luck. Love, Dad.”
One youngster Julian retorted (反驳) with a handwritten moan of his own. When his mother wrote to him, saying, “Dear Julian, have a great day, love Mom”, he replied simply on the same piece of paper, in big letter, “I will not.”
But cheery parents shared more positive feelings on post— it’s attached to their children’s lunch. A mother wrote, “Have a great day! I love you.” Another simply put, “You are my sunshine.”
Other parents shared jokes in their children’s lunchbox to perk them up during the day. One included, “When do astronauts eat? At launch time.” And another shared, “Why did the student eat his homework? Because the teacher said it’s a piece of cake.”
【小题1】What does the underlined phrase “perk...up” mean in the last paragraph?A.make active | B.make feel proud |
C.give promise | D.give praise |
A.persuasion. | B.encouragement. |
C.threats. | D.white lies. |
A.drawing pictures | B.playing word games |
C.quoting sayings | D.using further technique |
A.The children are very particular about the notes. |
B.The children are greatly motivated by the encouraging notes. |
C.Not all children feel cheered and inspired at the notes. |
D.None of the children are touched by the messages in the notes. |
Searching for a way to be happier? Seeking deeper connections with friends or looking for more friends? Want to relate better to other people?
Compassion, as one scholar describes it, is “experiencing feelings of loving kindness toward another person’s suffering”. The compassionate often have deeper connections with others and more friends. They are more forgiving and have stronger sense of life purpose.
Even short-term exercises like this broaden your attention, your thinking and your overall sense of well-being in a way that lasts.
This practice is beneficial to physical health and can help reduce physical signs of stress. And the happiness that can come from compassion training is the kind that lasts.
A.But studies have shown this simple exercise really strengthens your sense of compassion. |
B.Practicing compassion doesn’t have to cost you money. |
C.That’s in part because it changes your brain. |
D.Compassion means a lot in our daily life. |
E.Try a little compassion. |
F.Your brain is one of the most important parts in your body. |
G.Compassion also has direct personal benefit. |
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