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The 16th-century dramatist Ben Johnson generously called Shakespeare a writer “not of an age, but for all time.” And so it has proven to be, for Shakespeare’s plays are still the most translated and most _________ of any play writer’s in the world. But if you ask people what accounts for Shakespeare’s _________ popularity, you will get a number of different answers. Some will say that he was a great storyteller, others that the _________ lies in the beauty of his poetry. Some scholars point out that he was born in a lively period of England’s history, a time of great national confidence and cultural activity, particularly in the theatre. _________, they claim, he was able to produce an extraordinary volume of work.

This last explanation seems a little _________. A more interesting answer is put forward, although a little over-enthusiastically, by Harold Bloom in his book Shakespeare: The Invention of the Human. Bloom argues that Shakespeare gave us something in his writing that the world had not seen in _________ before: characters with a strong personality. These lifelike characters gave us a real insight into the human _________: Iago, the trusted advisor of Othello, whose jealousy leads him to betray his honest master; Rosalind, the heroine in As You Like It, who remains true to her friends and family in spite of the danger to herself. Through the mouths of such characters, we learn truths about life that we can all _________. These truths are made more moving and more memorable by the way in which they are _________: briefly and poetically.

Shakespeare has been dead almost 400 years, but the words and saying attributed (归功于) to him still __________ the English language today. So whether you are “fashionable” or “sanctimonious,” thank Shakespeare, who probably __________ the terms. In fact, it is amazing just how great Shakespeare’s influence on everyday language has been. Take, for example, these phrases from Michael Macrone’s light-hearted book Brush Up Your Shakespeare.

foregone conclusion          seen better days
full circle              a sorry sight
at one fell swoop           neither here nor there
wear my heart upon my sleeve      the world is (my) oyster

Macrone is more interested in the Shakespearean language that has survived than the reasons for its __________. According to his research, some of these sayings are slightly different from their original meaning once taken out of the __________ of the plays in which they first appeared. For example, “be all and end all” is used today to mean “the most important thing”, but in Macbeth, it means “the end of the matter”.

Regardless of such technicalities, it is still remarkable that so many of Shakespeare’s words have survived the large __________ in language between their time and the present day. The beauty of those words is certainly one reason, but as Johnson suggested, it is the humanity relevance of their __________ that brings them to life.

【小题1】
A.selectedB.performedC.evaluatedD.revised
【小题2】
A.unexpectedB.varyingC.individualD.enduring
【小题3】
A.magicB.evidenceC.creativityD.count
【小题4】
A.In a wordB.As a consequenceC.By contrastD.To some degree
【小题5】
A.possibleB.convincingC.unsatisfactoryD.boring
【小题6】
A.manB.literatureC.historyD.focus
【小题7】
A.conditionB.emotionsC.factorD.resources
【小题8】
A.qualify forB.judge fromC.specialize inD.identify with
【小题9】
A.provedB.phrasedC.believedD.understood
【小题10】
A.colorB.defineC.representD.involve
【小题11】
A.honoredB.improvedC.coinedD.chose
【小题12】
A.significanceB.varietyC.livelihoodD.popularity
【小题13】
A.conceptB.timeC.contextD.outline
【小题14】
A.shiftsB.conflictsC.similaritiesD.trends
【小题15】
A.usageB.wordingC.originalityD.message
2021·上海·模拟预测
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Gould a hug a day keep the doctor away? The answer may be a resounding “yes!” _____ helping you feel close and _____ to people you care about, it turns out that hugs can bring a _____ of health benefits to your body and mind. Believe it or not, a warm embrace might even help you _____ getting sick this winter.

In a recent study _____ over 400 healthy adults, researchers from Carnegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania examined the effects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs _____ the participants’ susceptibility to developing the common cold after being _____ to the virus. People who perceived greater social support were less likely to come _____ with a cold, and the researchers _____ that the stress-reducing effects of hugging ______ about 32 percent of that beneficial effect.______ among those who got a cold, the ones who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe ______.

“Hugging protects people who are under stress from the ______ risk for colds that’s usually ______ with stress,” notes Sheldon Cohen, a professor of psychology at Carnegie. Hugging “is a marker of intimacy and helps ______ the feeling that others are there to help ______ difficulty.”

Some experts ______ the stress-reducing, health-related benefits of hugging to the release of oxytocin, often called “the bonding hormone”______ it promotes attachment in relationships, including that between mothers and their newborn babies. Oxytocin is made primarily in the central lower part of the brain, and some of it is released into the bloodstream. But some of it ______ in the brain, where it ______ mood, behavior and physiology. (283 words)

【小题1】
A.UnlikeB.BesidesC.DespiteD.Throughout
【小题2】
A.connectedB.restrictedC.equalD.inferior
【小题3】
A.choiceB.viewC.lessonD.host
【小题4】
A.recallB.forgetC.avoidD.keep
【小题5】
A.collectingB.involvingC.guidingD.affecting
【小题6】
A.ofB.inC.atD.on
【小题7】
A.devotedB.exposedC.lostD.attracted
【小题8】
A.acrossB.alongC.downD.out
【小题9】
A.calculatedB.deniedC.doubtedD.imagined
【小题10】
A.servedB.requiredC.restoredD.explained
【小题11】
A.EvenB.StillC.RatherD.Thus
【小题12】
A.defeatsB.symptomsC.testsD.errors
【小题13】
A.minimizedB.highlightedC.controlledD.increased
【小题14】
A.equippedB.associatedC.presentedD.compared
【小题15】
A.assessB.moderateC.generateD.record
【小题16】
A.in the face ofB.in the form ofC.in the way ofD.in the name of
【小题17】
A.transferB.commitC.attributeD.return
【小题18】
A.becauseB.unlessC.thoughD.until
【小题19】
A.emergesB.vanishesC.remainsD.decreases
【小题20】
A.experiencesB.combinesC.justifiesD.influences

What do you know about fashion? The fashion industry, which has become one of the most _________ to the planet, is having a moment of punishment. But which changes make a difference, and which ones just _________ in the wash? In fact, the fashion industry is second only to the oil industry, the most environmentally unfriendly industry.

A friend of mine _________ an antique clothes store in the north of London. Business has been good for many years, which makes her acquire a large fortune. Every few weeks, she visits a vast storehouse on the edge of the city to go through piles of clothing. Most of it is _________, but if you know what you are looking for, there are raw diamonds. The storehouse has a long history. It was once a clearing house for the low-quality wool scraps(碎料) that were used to make cheap clothing for the _________ in Victorian Britain. A century on, _________ has changed. Nowadays, it is full of modern-day inferior products, all _________ cheap clothing made for the masses around the world. Except that this stuff is going to be burned or buried, not being reused.

The items are the products of an industry that, in the past 30 years, has become one of the most successful and also most _________ on the planet. Known as fast fashion, it has filled our wardrobes(衣柜) with cheap and cheerful clothes. But after three decades of continuous growth, the model is in _________ with fundamental environmental limits and there is widespread agreement – even from within the industry – that it is time to ____________. Otherwise, “Fast fashion” creates a mountain of unsellable, cheap clothing that ends up in a terrible place.

“The fashion industry represents a key environmental ____________,” says Kirsi Niinimäki at Aalto University in Espoo, Finland. “Eventually, the long-term stability of the fashion industry ____________ the total abandonment of the fast-fashion model.” Like fast food, fast fashion is all about instant ____________ on the cheap.

One wonders: What can we do about it? Don’t you have any clothes on? It’s not that ____________. More importantly, don’t waste, learn to control your desires and ____________ falling into this “Fast fashion” lifestyle. As the guardian columnist Lucy Seagal once said, the “Fast fashion” industry is profit-driven, but consumers who have experienced “over-consumption” will naturally grow tired of it, and the market will have its choice.

【小题1】
A.convincingB.interestingC.confusingD.damaging
【小题2】
A.carry outB.come outC.set outD.break out
【小题3】
A.buildsB.runsC.supportsD.controls
【小题4】
A.expensiveB.uselessC.worthlessD.attractive
【小题5】
A.businessmenB.childrenC.localsD.masses
【小题6】
A.littleB.fewC.muchD.many
【小题7】
A.on behalf ofB.in the form ofC.for the sake ofD.in terms of
【小题8】
A.effectiveB.destructiveC.preventiveD.alternative
【小题9】
A.quarrelB.argumentC.fightD.conflict
【小题10】
A.tell the truthB.hit the brakesC.pave the wayD.break the ice
【小题11】
A.threatB.effectC.problemD.protection
【小题12】
A.results fromB.consists ofC.brings aboutD.relies on
【小题13】
A.ambitionB.actionC.satisfactionD.attraction
【小题14】
A.farB.extremeC.badD.complex
【小题15】
A.enjoyB.imagineC.missD.avoid

The question of whether our government should promote science and technology or the liberal arts in higher education isn't an either/or proposition(命题) , although the current _________ preparing young Americans for STEM(science, technology, engineering, math)-related fields can make it seem that way.

The latest congressional report acknowledges the critical importance of _________ training, but also maintains that the study of the humanities and social sciences must remain central components of America's _________ system at all levels. Both are critical to producing citizens who can participate effectively in our democratic society, become innovative leaders, and _________ the spiritual enrichment that the reflection on the great ideas of mankind over time provides.

Parents and students who have invested heavily in higher education _________ about graduates' job prospects as technological advances and changes in domestic and global markets transform professions in ways that reduce wages and cut jobs. Under these circumstances, it’s _________ to look for what may appear to be the most “practical”way out. Major in a subject designed to get you a/an _________ seems the obvious answer to some, though this ignores the fact that many disciplines in the humanities characterized as “soft” often, in fact, lead to employment and success _________. Indeed, according to surveys, employers have expressed a preference for students who have received a _________ education that has taught them to write well, think critically, research creatively, and communicate easily.

__________, students should be prepared not just for their first job, but for their 4th and 5th jobs, as there's little reason to doubt that people entering the workforce today will be called upon to play many different roles over the course of their careers. The ones who will do the best in this new environment will be those whose educations have prepared them to be __________. The ability to draw upon every available tool and insight -- __________ from science, arts, and technology -- to solve the problems of the future, and take advantage of the opportunities that present themselves, will be helpful to them and the United States.

In May 1780, John Adams wrote to his wife Abigail expressing his hopes for the progress of the American experiment. “I must study Politics and War so that my sons may have __________ to study Mathematics and Philosophy. My Sons ought to study Mathematics and Philosophy, Geography, Architecture, Commerce and Agriculture, in order to give their Children a right to study Painting, Poetry and Music.” What Adams was really expressing was that a country must have a sufficient level of __________, stability and security before large numbers of its citizens can engage in pursuits __________ than the basic struggle for survival. Despite our economic difficulties, the U.S. is a wealthy nation. We have the capacity to create and maintain an educational system that trains students in science, math, history, art and other disciplines, at the very highest level.

【小题1】
A.drain onB.objection toC.advantage overD.emphasis on
【小题2】
A.extensiveB.intensiveC.literateD.technical
【小题3】
A.educationB.workforceC.economicD.political
【小题4】
A.compete withB.benefit fromC.equal toD.delight in
【小题5】
A.thinkB.talkC.worryD.inquire
【小题6】
A.naturalB.ridiculousC.amazingD.disturbing
【小题7】
A.skillB.jobC.titleD.advantage
【小题8】
A.in the long runB.in the right positionC.in practical termsD.in great need
【小题9】
A.hard-wonB.broadly-basedC.science-orientedD.well-chosen
【小题10】
A.RatherB.StillC.ThereforeD.Moreover
【小题11】
A.activeB.preciseC.flexibleD.critical
【小题12】
A.picked upB.referred toC.put upD.passed on
【小题13】
A.libertyB.qualificationC.visionD.vigor
【小题14】
A.knowledgeB.insightC.wealthD.commitment
【小题15】
A.more logicalB.less instrumentalC.broaderD.easier

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