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India and China are leading the global greening effort, a latest NASA study said on Monday, observing that the world is a greener place than it was 20 years ago.

Data from NASA Earth satellites show that human activities in China and India play an important part in this greening of the planet, thanks to tree planting and agriculture. The effect comes mostly from tree-planting programs in China and agriculture in both countries. “China and India account for one-third of the greening,’’ said lead author Chi Chen of Boston University.

China alone accounts for 25 percent of the global increase in leaf area with only 6.6 percent of global green area. The greening in China is from forests and croplands (农田), but in India, it is mostly from croplands with minor contribution from forests. China’s huge contribution to the global greening trend comes in large part from its programs to protect and expand forests.

“When the greening of the earth was first observed, we thought it was due to a warmer, wetter climate from the added carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere. Now with the data, we see that humans are also contributing,” said Rama Nemani, research scientist at NASA. “Once people realize there is a problem, they tend to fix it. In the 1970s and 80s in India and China, the situation around vegetation (植被) loss was not good. In the 1990s, people realized it, and today things have improved. That’s what we see in the satellite data,” added Nemani.

Land area used to grow crops is comparable in China and India, and has not changed much since the early 2000s. Yet these places have greatly increased both their green leaf area and their food production by enhancing the way of cropping. This was achieved through multiple cropping practices, where a field is replanted to produce another harvest several times a year. Production of grains, vegetables, fruits and more has increased by about 35%〜40% since 2000 to feed their large populations.

【小题1】In India, the greening mainly comes from       .
A.agriculture.B.tree planting.C.forests and croplands.D.a warmer and wetter climate.
【小题2】What do Nemani’s words mainly suggest?
A.Carbon dioxide causes global warming.
B.Man can actively change the environment.
C.In India and China, vegetation loss has been solved.
D.Climate has little to do with the greening of the earth.
【小题3】What does the underlined word “enhancing” in the last paragraph probably mean?
A.Praising.B.Ignoring.C.Improving.D.Limiting.
【小题4】What is the main idea of the text?
A.India and China lead the global greening.
B.Human activities change the global climate.
C.Warmer climate contributes to the global greening.
D.Land area for crops in China and India has changed much.
20-21高一下·广西崇左·阶段练习
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Living among trees, plants and flowers can fill your life with beauty. And if you are a woman, it can also help you live longer.


   

Women who live in homes surrounded by plants appear to have lower death rates than women who live in areas with less green plants, according to a research.

Peter James and his team looked at information from one of the largest and oldest investigations of women’s health: the Nurses’ Health Study.

For the new study, the team looked at the death rates of more than 100,000 women between the years 2008 and 2015.Then the researchers compared the death rates of these women to the green plants around their homes. To determine the amount of trees and other vegetation (植被),researchers examined satellite images.

To make it more believable, the researchers considered other risk factors — things such as the age of the women, their economic status, and race. They also looked at whether or not the women smoked.

Peter James says he and his team were surprised to find such a strong link between high vegetation levels and low death rates. He adds they were also surprised to find how high levels of plant life can affect a woman’s mental health.

The study suggests that living among vegetation lowered levels of depression. Researchers say women in greener areas spent more time with other people, exercised more and were less exposed to air pollution.

One of the biggest effects of greenery appeared to be a lowered risk of cancer. Here are some numbers. The study found that women living in the greenest areas had a 13 percent lower rate of dying from cancer.

James says that it is common knowledge that vegetation helps the environment in many ways. But, he adds, the new findings suggest ways for city planners, landscape architects and policymakers to grow even healthier living areas.

【小题1】What’s the author’s purpose in writing the text?
A.To introduce the green environment and call on people to enjoy it.
B.To show women living in green areas are more likely to live longer.
C.To show the relationship between animals and plants.
D.To give some tips on how to live long.
【小题2】How did the researchers make the research more convincing?
A.By studying more people.
B.By examining satellite images.
C.By taking more factors into account.
D.By cooperating with the Nurses’ Health Study.
【小题3】When James found the connection between vegetation levels and death rates, he was         .
A.excitedB.unconcerned
C.relievedD.surprised
【小题4】What can we learn from the text?
A.People are unlikely to develop cancer because of living with green plants.
B.People die from cancer more than from other diseases.
C.Living with green plants can help lower depression.
D.This finding is specially made for city planners.

Nara is a popular destination for visitors to Japan and it is home to around 1, 000 blessed deer, which are officially considered as a national natural treasure in Japan and the image of the city. Many tourists like them and feed them treats. In July 2019, however, nine deer were found dead with plastic bags in their stomachs. Locals called on visitors not to throw away plastic bags in the park.

Hidetoshi Matsukawa, who works at tourism, wanted to come up with a different way to deal with the problem, and teamed up with a local paper maker and a design firm to work on the project.

They developed “Shikagami”, or deer paper, which is made from rice bran (糠) and milk boxes. They learned rice bran is mostly wasted in the processing of rice and this paper helps to reduce that waste as well.

Matsukawa has had the deer paper bags tested and says they are safe for human use. “We do not have the data to support that this paper is not harmful to deer, but this is safe for them as well as for human beings,” he said, laughing.

The bags have since been tested at local banks and the Todaiji temple, Nara’s main tourist attraction. The temple and banks bought 4, 000—5, 000 of the bags for 100 yen (around 95 cents) each as part of the pilot project. The price will fall if more businesses sign up to use the bags, said Matsukawa, who dreams of replacing plastic bags across the city to prevent more deer from dying after eating them.

“The news about the death of deer by plastic bags creates a bad influence, as though the park is a cemetery (墓地) for deer,” he said. “The paper bags can protect deer, as well as the image of Nara with deer.”

【小题1】What happened to the blessed deer?
A.They were accepted as the image of Japan.B.They were harmed by plastic bags.
C.They got into the danger of dying out.D.They didn’t get enough food from tourists.
【小题2】What did Matsukawa do with the problem of the deer’s death?
A.He prohibited visitors from feeding the deer.
B.He kept the deer away from humans.
C.He set up a deer protection organization.
D.He developed a new kind of paper.
【小题3】What can we learn about deer paper from Matsukawa’s words?
A.It is sure to be harmless to all animals.
B.It can only be used to protect blessed deer.
C.It has passed the safety tests for human use.
D.It is unsatisfactory for environmental protection.
【小题4】What is Matsukawa’s wish about deer paper bags?
A.They will be sold at higher prices.B.They will be used around the world.
C.They will be reused for more times.D.They will be widely used in the city.

For their nick-of-time acts, Toby, a 2-year-old dog, and Winnie, a cute cat, were named Dog and Cat of the Year by the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals.

As Amy Paul choked on a piece of apple at her home, her dog jumped up, landing hard on her chest and forcing the piece in her throat out. When the Keesling family of Indiana was about to be killed by carbon monoxide (一氧化碳), their cat clawed at the wife Cathy’s hair until she woke up and called for help. No one could explain their timely heroics.

Both pets were rescued by their owners in infancy—Toby as a 4-week-old thrown into a dustbin to die, and Winnie as a week-old orphan hiding under a barn, so helpless that Cathy’s husband, Eric, had to feed her milk with a special tool.

As the Keeslings recalled it, a gas-driven pump being used broke down, spreading carbon monoxide through the house. By the time Winnie went to rescue, the couple’s 14-year-old son was already unconscious.“Winnie jumped on the bed and was clawing at me, with a kind of angry sound,” Cathy Keesling said. The state police responding to her 911 call said the family was only minutes from death, judging by the amount of poisonous gas in the house.

Amy Paul’s husband was at his job when she took a midday break from making jewelry and bit into an apple. “Normally I peel (削皮) them, but I read in Good Housekeeping Magazine that the skin has all the nutrients, so I ate the skin, and that’s what caused me to choke,” she recalled. “I couldn’t breathe and I was in panic (惊慌) when Toby jumped on me. He never does that, but he did, and saved my life.”

Both Toby and Winnie accompanied their owners to the awards lunch.

【小题1】Winnie saved the lives of its owner’s whole family in an accident by________.
A.jumping onto its ownerB.calling for help
C.clawing at Cathy’s hairD.making some strange noises
【小题2】What caused the carbon monoxide spreading through the house?
A.Pump breaking down.B.A driver breaking into the house.
C.The burning gas.D.The poisonous gas.
【小题3】Why did Amy Paul choke on a piece of apple?
A.She had a big bite.B.The apple was too hard.
C.She was too young to care for herself.D.She didn’t peel the skin as usual.

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