When our ancestors were peasants in the earliest days of agriculture, the daily schedule was: work in field all day, eat midday meal in field, continue working in field. Today, after centuries of human advancement, it goes something like: work in coffee shop all day, buy and eat lunch there, continue toiling away on laptop until the sun sets. Though it may seem like the tech boom and gig economy(临时工经济) led the way in this modern mobile work style, working and dining have always been intertwined. In major cities like New York, Washington D.C., Sydney and Hong Kong, restaurants are changing into official co-working spaces during off-peak hours.

Dr. Megan Elias, director of the gastronomy program at Boston University, says food and business have been linked since as far back as the ancient Sumer (who established civilization as we know it around 4000 B.C.) “What we think of as street food has always been part of human civilization,” she says. “There have always been marketplaces where humans came together to conduct some kind of business — like trading grain, trading animals or building houses. As long as there have been marketplaces, people have been eating at them while also doing business.”

The first example of a brick-and-mortar “restaurant” came during the merchant economy in the 15th and 16th centuries, according to Elias. During this stage in European, African, and East and South Asian history, inns allowed merchant businessmen to rest — and of course, eat — throughout their travels. During the colonial era of the 1600s and 1700s, concrete examples of American restaurants emerged as “Coffee Houses”. Coffee Houses were places that had newspapers, which at the time were very small and commercial," author and social historian Jan Whitaker explains.

Coffee houses remained tradesman staples throughout the early 19th century, with simple menu items like rolls and meat pies. More “grand meals,” as Elias calls them, were still taking place within homes for non-traveling folk. But, when the U.S. began industrializing in the 1840s and people stayed near workplaces during the day, eating establishments popped up around factories.

“Industrialization of the city is also restaurantization of the city,” Elias says. “Places sprung up to serve a business lunch crowd and an after-work dining crowd again, still doing business.”

These four nonprofit organizations support the ethical treatment of animals both large and small, wild or domesticated.

Animal Aid Unlimited

This Indian NGO (non-governmental organization) runs a hospital and sanctuary (保护区) for injured or ill street animals and rescues thousands a year. AAU runs an emergency rescue service for dogs, cows, donkeys, birds and cats and brings them to their hospital for medical treatment and they provide sanctuary for the disabled animals who need long time care or permanent homes.

The Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals

This charity that operates in the UK promotes the kind treatment of animals—wildlife, farm animals and pets who need to be rehomed — and runs a TV series. The Dog Rescuers that allows viewers to watch the rescue and rehoming of dogs across Great Britain. RSPCA also has TV campaigns against animal cruelty and works in Europe, Africa and Asia.

Sochi Dogs

Founded in 2014, Sochi Dogs works to rescue stray (流浪的) and abandoned dogs through an adoption program and education campaigns. The treatment of the stray dogs in Sochi is particularly cruel, which makes the rescue work vitally important. The nonprofit runs a shelter with room for 60 dogs and a foster program in New Jersey. The dogs are placed in homes worldwide.

Humane Society International

Around the world, HSI is a world leader in working to ensure a better future for animals. The organization is working to save more than 100 million animals from suffering in labs worldwide and to end animal sports like bull fighting and racing and fights for the better treatment of farm animals, as well as supporting laws for the protection of pets. HSI supports programs in many countries and has offices on every continent.

The Disneyland parks are full of amusements, but they're also small cities that deal with deliveries, rubbish, and groups of visitors. People need to move from one place to another; they have to refuel and relax. To meet these requirements, the parks are well-equipped in reality. For example, Disneyland Park in California has a reliable transport system. In Walt Disney World in Florida, dustbins are spaced 30 feet apart, and all of them are emptied through underground tubes(地下管道).

None of this happened by accident. Walt Disney first had his idea for a play land in 1937. He first imagined the park’s buildings in a small size. He spent years collecting ideas by visiting other places. He studied Beverly Park in Los Angeles, including rebuilt historic villages. He visited Colonial Williamsburg, where employees dressed up and walked around… Then he organized a team of engineers and designers to plan and build a small world he called Disneyland. Walt Disney had blueprints(蓝图) drawn up, and tried to get the permission to break ground(破土动工).

In 1952, he showed his plan to the Burbank City government, for a 16-acre site between Griffith Park and his studio in Burbank. They didn't go for it. ''We don't want the carnival(嘉年华会) atmosphere, '' an official said. ''We don't want the loud music and screaming.''

The failure got Disney thinking even bigger. In 1953, he closed a deal to buy some land in Anaheim. Some designers thought it was too far, but Disney went ahead. It was like building a new city. Pipes had to be fixed. Railway track had to be laid around. Disney chose the hub-and-spoke(轴辐式) street pattern that many cities have. ''I want Disneyland to be a place where you can't get lost, '' he said. Designers and architects also diagrammed(图解) the rides and made models, while artists painted the background.

Finally in July 1955, the visitors came. If they picked up maps, they could see the results of years' planning: the shops and restaurants, the square, and the streets. The magic city had finally jumped off the drawing board and come into real life.