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For companies around the world and across industries, sustainability(可持续发展) has rapidly gone from a nice-to-have to a must-have. Some famous companies have announced ambitious plans to remove single-use plastics, reduce carbon release and otherwise shrink their environmental footprint in various ways.

Newlight Technologies hopes to speed up that process. The company has spent more than a decade developing a material called AirCarbon, which functions exactly like plastic but is completely biodegradable(可生物降解的). Newlight developed the material using microorganisms found in the ocean that feed on methane and carbon dioxide-two-greenhouse gases among the biggest contributors to climate change. The organisms turn those gases into a natural polymer(聚合物) that can be shaped just like plastic.

“We call that AirCarbon because it's air and carbon that can mix with and become part of water,” CEO Mark Herrema said. “We have this pure white powder that we can then melt and form in all kinds of parts and pieces.” The company's new production facility is filled with large saltwater tanks that recreate ocean conditions, allowing the organisms to make the polymer from which AirCarbon can be obtained.

Newlight recently began rolling out its first set of products made from the material, launching two-brands. Its foodware brand, Restore, sells biodegradable straws, knives, forks and spoons, while its fashion brand Covalent sells handbags, wallets and sunglasses. And because the process of developing AirCarbon uses gases from the atmosphere, the products are carbon negative, meaning they take out more pollutants than they produce. Newlight has received carbon negative certifications from several organizations for its products.

Newlight’s current products are costlier than some traditional products available on the market, since the company has just one facility, which makes it hard to keep prices down. At present, Newlight’s AirCarbon products can remove 100 million pounds of carbon dioxide per year. But Herrema's goal is to build more facilities as quickly as possible and eventually increase that number to 20 billion pounds, which he says is how much plastic ends up in the ocean each year.

【小题1】What is the advantage of AirCarbon?
A.It is more flexible than plastic.
B.It can partially break down.
C.It helps reduce greenhouse gases.
D.It is an artificial polymer like plastic.
【小题2】Why has Newlight been certified carbon negative?
A.Its products are of good quality.
B.Its products are energy-saving.
C.It develops two sustainable brands.
D.It removes more carbon than it releases.
【小题3】What might be the challenge for Newlight’s AirCarbon products?
A.Limited production.B.Low profits.
C.Few customers.D.Poor marketing.
【小题4】What does the text mainly talk about?
A.New technology that reduces carbon release.
B.Greenhouse gases that can be used for products.
C.Ocean microorganisms that feed on greenhouse gases.
D.A plastic alternative that might help solve climate change.
2021·河北衡水·三模
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As technology is developing rapidly, we can actually build VR headsets that meet high requirements. The interest in VR rises, so does the interest in creating new media to be experienced in using VR. Journalism is a medium built on relevance. Journalists are always finding new means to tell stories and report news. It is a goldmine for storytelling. What better ways to tell a story to someone than to put them right in the center of it?

People are already making use of VR in news. Creative director Spike Jonze and visual artist Chris Milk put viewers at the scene of the Millions March protest in New York in December, 2014. The University of Southern California created “Project Syria,” which allows viewers to experience the bombing of a crowded neighborhood and visit a refugee camp in the war-tom country. These are just a few examples of a growing number of projects that are out there.

VR is a powerful tool for journalists. The consumer isn’t just reading or watching something play out; they’re experiencing it. The immersive(沉浸式的) nature of VR allows people to connect with the subject matter on a much deeper level than just reading about it. The experience is emotional, speaking more to our instinct(本能) than our intellect(智力). There are a wide range of possibilities for storytelling here, and any storyteller wanting to do something more interesting than their peers should surely be considering the sheer power of VR.

The question of VR, though, is not how powerful it is. That is obvious. The question of VR is one of viability(可行性) and availability. Telling stories must be easy to do, and access to those stories must be readily available. This is the biggest challenge that VR faces. If the tools to tell a story with VR aren’t easy to pick up and learn, VR will fail. If VR technology isn’t both top-of-the-line and affordable, VR will fail.

“I think that current VR technology is pretty exclusive right now, but it’s very promising that it will not be a problem in the long run,” said Thomas Hallaq, assistant professor of journalism and mass communications. “We’re seeing more technology become accessible, and more people having access to that technology. Just look at smartphones.”

If the technology is widely available and companies like Oculus, Samsung, HTC and Valve can overcome the inherent difficulties, VR will succeed in being a desirable means of storytelling. Like radio, TV and the Internet before it, VR will change the way we tell stories.

【小题1】Why is VR considered a powerful tool for journalism?
A.Because it is a medium built on relevance.
B.Because it is very popular and interesting.
C.Because it allows people to experience the news personally.
D.Because it is an exclusively new tool in telling news stories.
【小题2】According to the passage, what is the biggest challenge VR is facing?
A.Whether it is easily accessible to people.
B.How powerful and interesting it can be.
C.Whether qualified VR headsets can be built.
D.What new ways people will find to report news.
【小题3】What’s the author’s attitude towards the future of VR technology?
A.Neutral.B.Positive.C.Negative.D.Concerned.
【小题4】Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
A.The Challenges of Virtual Reality
B.The Wide Popularity of Virtual Reality
C.The Future of Storytelling—Virtual Reality
D.The Development of Virtual Reality in the Future

A Russian robotics company has recently made headlines for offering $200,000(about 1,274,060 yuan) for the right to use one individual’s face and voice forever in robot development. It’s expected that their robots will look and sound human like. However, they may not be able to move like humans.

“Robots are klutzes (笨手笨脚的人),”   US AI engineer Ken Goldberg told the website Science News for Students.

Robotic scientists say that one-year-old human babies have better movement skills than robots do. Let’s take a look at some tasks that are easy for you but tough for robots.

Pick things up

Picking things up is not easy. If we drop our pencil on the floor, our brains work hard. First, we must find the pencil and look at its distance. Then we move our hands to it. A robot cannot always move it’s “hand” to the right place. Calculating (计算) the distance is not easy. Then, when we touch the pencil, it might roll a little bit. Robots cannot easily understand this either. So, if you drop a pencil on the floor, a robot will probably roll it around the room.

Get around spaces

If someone drops you in a building you’ve never been to, you might feel a bit lost. But you can look around, find a door and get out quickly. You will not get stuck in a corner. But a robot will look everywhere for a door, even on ceilings and floors. This is because it’s hard for them to understand spaces, especially large, blank things such as walls or ceilings. Scientists need to train them with lots of data to learn this.

Understand the world made by people

“Common sense” is what we don’t need to think or talk about. Because of common sense, we do not look for doors on the ceiling. We pick up a coffee cup by its handle. We feel whether it has coffee inside, and whether it is hot.

But robots may turn the cup upside down or hold the hot part of the cup, damaging itself. Scientists have tried teaching robots common-sense rules. But even huge databases don’t help much. There are just too many rules – and too many exceptions (例外). Maybe they just need more time to learn.

【小题1】Why is it difficult for a robot to pick things up?
A.It cannot locate where the thing is.
B.Its hands cannot move far enough.
C.It has difficulty working out the exact distance.
D.It tends to roll things around the room.
【小题2】What do robots tend to do when they are trapped in a corner?
A.Look for doors aimlessly.B.Go to a door and get out.
C.Wait for others to help.D.Check the space carefully.
【小题3】Why is it hard to teach robots common-sense rules?
A.It is difficult to explain to them these rules.
B.There are so many rules and unexpected situations.
C.There aren’t huge databases for the robots to learn from.
D.It takes time and patience to teach them.
【小题4】What is the theme of the article?
A.How robots help improve our lives.B.Robots have their own limitations.
C.The importance of the database to robots.D.In what areas robots will be applied.

On Saturday evening, CCTV showed a computer-generated image of the Chang’e 3 lander’s path as it approached the surface of the moon, saying that during the landing period it needed to have no contact with Earth. As it was just hundreds of meters away the lander’s camera broadcast images of the moon’s surface.

The Chang’e 3’s solar panels, which are used to absorb sunlight to generate power, opened soon after the landing. The mission blasted off (发射) from southwest China on Dec. 2 on a Long March-3B carrier rocket. It is named after a mythical Chinese goddess of the moon and the “Yutu” rover vehicle, or “Jade Rabbit” in English, afternoon the goddess’ pet.

China’s military-backed space program has made much progress in a relatively short time, although it is behind the United States and Russia in technology and experience. China sent its first astronaut into space in 2003, becoming the third nation after Russia and the United States to achieve manned space travel independently. In 2006, it sent its first probe (探测器) to the moon. China plans to open a space station around 2020 and send an astronaut to the moon after that.

“They are taking their time with getting to know about how to fly humans into space, how to build space stations. how to explore the solar system, especially the moon and Mars. They are making big advancements, and I think over the next 10-20 years they’ll certainly be matching Russia and America in this area and maybe overtaking them in some areas.”

【小题1】What is this text mainly about?
A.An unknown flying object.
B.China is making progress in the space exploration.
C.China’s intention of taking over the space.
D.How will Chang’e 3 be sent into space?
【小题2】According to the text, what is the “Jade Rabbit”?
A.Someone pet.
B.A goddess in China’s myth.
C.The name of the carrier rocket.
D.The name of the rover vehicle of Chang’e 3.
【小题3】In Paragraph 3, the underlined word “it” refers to _________.
A.ChinaB.Russia
C.the United StatesD.the space station
【小题4】Why does the author quote (引用) someone’s words in the last paragraph?
A.To discuss other countries’ progress in space exploration
B.To tell readers more about why we should explore the space
C.To argue whether China is going to benefit from space programme.
D.To explain that China will succeed in the field of space exploration.

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