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“Cool” is a word with many meanings. Its old meaning is used to express a temperature that is a little bit cold. As the world has changed, the word has had many different meanings.

“Cool” can be used to express feelings of interest in almost anything. When you see a famous car in the street,maybe you will say, “It’s cool.” You may think, “He’s so cool,” when you see your favourite footballer.

We all maximize (扩大) the meaning of “cool”. You can use it instead of many words such as “new” or “surprising”. Here’s an interesting story we can use to show the way the word is used. A teacher asked her students to write about the waterfall (瀑布) they had visited. On one student’s paper was just the one sentence, “It’s so cool.” Maybe he thought it was the best way to show what he saw and felt.

But the story also shows a scarcity (缺乏) of words. Without “cool”, some people have no words to show the same meaning. So it is quite important to keep some credibility (可信性). Can you think of many other words that make your life as colourful as the word “cool”? I can. And I think they are also very cool.

【小题1】We know that the word “cool” has had ________.
A.only one meaningB.no meanings
C.many different meaningsD.the same meaning
【小题2】In the passage, the word “express” means “________”.
A.seeB.showC.knowD.feel
【小题3】If you are _______ something, you may say, “It’s cool.”
A.interested inB.angry about
C.afraid ofD.unhappy with
【小题4】The writer takes an example to show he is ________ the way the word is used.
A.pleased withB.strange to
C.worried aboutD.careful with
【小题5】In the passage, the writer suggests (暗示) that the word “cool”________.
A.can be used instead of many words
B.usually means something interesting
C.can make your life colourful
D.may not be as cool as it seems
9-10高一·湖南邵阳·期中
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Former British Prime Minister Winston Churchill once said, “The British are the only people who like to be told how bad things are.” This is definitely (绝对地) true of British comedy. Most people think humor is about happy things, but for the British, the opposite is true. We love to use our cruel sense of humor to complain and be negative (消极的).

British comedy, for example, draws a fine line between comedy and tragedy (悲剧). BBC’s The Office is a TV show, famous for its dry humor. The main character, David Brent, is a foolish man, and the show’s comedy comes from his delusions. For example, he often tells himself that he is loved by everyone but the viewer can see that everyone hates him.

Stupid characters for the audience to laugh at are an old tradition in Britain. In Shakespeare’s play Twelfth Night, the character Malvolio is an old man whom people play tricks on. The audience will laugh away, although the reality is that this man is a truly tragic individual (个体).

This side of British humor is reflected (反映) in friendships as well. At university, my friends and I would always laugh at one another. I had an American friend who actually found this sarcasm (挖苦) quite upsetting. She didn’t realize that in Britain, the better friends you are with someone, the more you laugh at them.

This approach — laughing at everything — may sound rather depressing (让人郁闷的), but our strange humor played a big part in British history. In World War II, along with a stiff upper lip (坚定沉着), the British got through it by laughing. What else was there to do?

There is a saying in English: “Laugh and the world laughs with you; cry and you cry alone.” If you are ever on the receiving end of British sarcasm, you may feel like crying, but it’s best to just laugh it off!

【小题1】How is British comedy different from other types?
A.It is often surprising and boring.
B.It often laughs at human nature.
C.It is often about negative things.
D.It often makes people feel depressed.
【小题2】What does the underlined word “delusions” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A.strong abilitiesB.fun characters
C.incorrect beliefsD.deep confidence
【小题3】Why is Shakespeare’s play Twelfth Night mentioned in the article?
A.To show one of the best examples of British comedy.
B.To explain how Shakespeare’s comedy is different.
C.To show how difficult it is to make people accept British comedy.
D.To prove Britain has a long tradition of laughing at stupid characters.
【小题4】How does the author advise people to react to British humor?
A.Learn from it.
B.Don’t take it seriously.
C.Reply sarcastically.
D.Be careful not to make stupid mistakes.
【小题5】British people use humor not to explain _______.
A.NegativityB.complaintC.SarcasmD.anger

The system of communication which relies on the verbal or non-verbal codes, used in transferring (转移的) information, is called “language”. A language is a tool of communication, while communication is the process of transferring message to one another. Language focuses on the signs, symbols and words. Communication lays emphasis (强调) on the message. Before the invention of written words, language was limited to the auditory (听觉的) channels. The basics of communication do not change at all. However, daily new words are added to the dictionary of the language, so it changes every day.

Is communication wider than language?

So with the above explanation, it is quite clear that communication has a wider scope than language, as the former covers the latter. Language is the essence (本质) of communication, without which, it cannot exist.

What are language barriers (障碍) in communication?

Language barriers are the most common communication barriers which cause misunderstandings and misinterpretations between people. Most of the people in the world do not speak English or, even if they use, it is their second or third language. If the speaker and receiver do not use the same language and words, there is no meaning to the communication.

Why is language needed for communication?

Language is needed for any kind of communication, and even people with speech impairments communicate with sign language. Communication becomes difficult in situations where people don’t understand each others’ language. The inability to communicate using a language is known as the language barrier to communication.

【小题1】Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?
A.Language is the only way to communicate with people.
B.People send messages to communicate with others.
C.Language didn’t appear until the invention of written words.
D.Language changes every day with the added new words.
【小题2】What can be done to avoid language barriers according to the author?
A.Speaking English.B.Speaking the second language.
C.Speaking the same language.D.Using body language.
【小题3】The underlined word “impairments” in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to ________.
A.methodsB.functionsC.disabilitiesD.skills
【小题4】What is the best title of the passage?
A.Communication is superior to language.
B.There are differences between communication and language.
C.All the languages can be written and spoken in the world.
D.Language has a wider scope than communication.

All Poetry, the largest poetry writing group, would improve poets’ works, create a fan base, and read the best poetry of our generation. It is the home base for poets. Many poets are willing to show their works and over 500,000 poets get feedback(反馈)and improve their poetry. Both beginners and experts are welcomed. All Poetry helps poets learn what they need to improve.

Writing groups

All Poetry is designed as a big writing group. Every poem gets several .encouraging comments. We also have private comments for friends.

Award-winning poets

The best poems are featured, and many poets have won national contests. Experts encourage amateurs(业余爱好者)to improve their poems.

Various contests

All contests are totally free and some are with cash prizes. Dozens of free contests are started every day. Let fair judging inspire you.

Poets are Saying

“All Poetry has helped me improve my work so much! I’m now so much more confident about my use of concrete images, and other poetic devices. My own poetry is well received and appreciated and that makes me very happy.”

Sarah Versa

“As a member, I’ve made some good friends at All Poetry. I really appreciate the exchange of constructive comments and general contact with some excellent writers of poetry.”

Anthony Christopher

【小题1】According to the passage, All Poetry ________.
A.publishes the top-ranking poemsB.helps build up poets’ self confidence
C.has gained recognition among poetsD.advises beginners to read the best poetry
【小题2】What do we know about poem contests of All Poetry?
A.Some of them offer awards to winners.B.All of them are designed for amateurs.
C.Competitors need to pay entry fees.D.They employ experts to select top poems.

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