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Researchers at Ohio State University report that they have been able to recover the sense of a research participant’s hand with a severe spinal cord injury using a brain-computer interface (BCI) system. The technology applies neural signals to the participant, resulting in greatly improved motor function.

The participant in this study is Ian Burkhart, a 28-year-old man who suffered a spinal cord injury during a diving accident in 2010. Since 2014, Burkhart has been working with researchers on a project that aims to recover the function of his right arm. The system they have developed works through a system of electrodes on his skin and a small computer chip inserted into his motor cortex (the brain area that influences motor movements). This setup, which uses wires to route movement signals from the brain to the muscles, bypassing his spinal cord injury, gives Burkhart enough control over his right arm and hand to lift a coffee cup, pick up a credit card, and play Guitar Hero.

The advances in the BCI system led to important improvements. They enable Burkhart to reliably recognize something by touch alone. The system is also the first BCI that allows for recovery of movement and touch at once, and this ability to experience increased touch during movement gives him a greater sense of control and lets him do things more quickly. Finally, these improvements allow the BCI system to sense how much pressure to use when it is handling an object or picking something up.

The researchers are working on creating a next-generation sleeve containing the required electrodes and sensors that could be easily put on and taken off. They also want to improve the system that can be controlled with a tablet rather than a computer, making it smaller and much easier to carry around.

【小题1】What is the study at Ohio State University aimed at?
A.Protecting people’s spinal cord.B.Improving one’s motor function.
C.Helping one’s hand regain its sense.D.Preventing severe spinal cord injuries.
【小题2】How did the new system help Ian Burkhart’s right hand lift a coffee cup?
A.By building up his body muscles through electrodes.
B.By recovering the function of his injured spinal cord.
C.By inserting a computer chip into his injured spinal cord.
D.By sending movement signals directly to his arm muscles.
【小题3】What does Paragraph 3 mainly tell us?
A.The advantages of the improved BCI system.B.The improvement the BCI system needed.
C.The doubt about improving the BCI system.D.The principles of improving the BCI system.
【小题4】In what aspect will the researchers improve the BCI system?
A.Its stability.B.Its portability.C.Its accuracy.D.Its safety.
2021·安徽·三模
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Do you find it difficult to put down your mobile phone?

If yes, you’re not alone. These days, many people suffer from the stress of FOMO (fear of missing out). They reach of their mobile phones when they wake up in the morning, and for the rest of the day, they constantly check their social media apps for the latest updates.

Despite the convenience smart phones bring, many people struggle with their digital habits. This is why Google introduced an app called Dashboard for Android operating system. This new app includes well-being functions that aim to help users manage the time they spend on their digital devices.

It all starts with a bird’s-eye view. Dashboard allows users to look at all the details of their phone habits. For example, a user can see how many times they’re unlocked their phone and how many times they’re checked their social media apps, as well as how much time they spend on each app every day.

Once the users see this information, they’ll be able to make some changes. With the App Timer function, users can set a time limit for how long they can use each app for every day.

But even if users become more mindful of their usage, they’re still likely to be drawn in by notification(通知). Such feature automatically(自动地)silences incoming calls and notifications when a user puts their phone face down.

If people truly want to make full use of their free time instead of losing hours using their smart phones, these new functions are just one way of doing that.

The easiest answer would be just to use your willpower.

【小题1】Who are the target users of Dashboard?
A.People who know little about smart phones.
B.People who have trouble dealing with stress.
C.People who are slow at researching of things online.
D.People who wish to manage the time they spend on their smart phones.
【小题2】What can Dashboard do?
A.Lock the phone at a certain time.
B.Limit some apps to certain users.
C.Limit the time certain apps can be used.
D.Silence app notifications at night.
【小题3】The underlined word “mindful” in Paragraph 6 is closest in meaning to ________.
A.seriousB.careful
C.preparedD.creative
【小题4】What does the author think of Dashboard?
A.It’s not very useful.B.It’s perfectly designed.
C.It should include more functions.D.It may be helpful to some people.

With the New Year weeks approaching, you’re looking forward to watching the splendid fireworks shows that will welcome 2019 worldwide. Unfortunately, visually impaired and blind people can’t experience this joyful celebration. That may change soon thanks to Feeling Fireworks, a fireworks experience invented by the Disney Research Lab in Switzerland.

To experience the show, users stand before a large flexible screen, place their hands at the base of the screen and move them around to feel the fireworks. Alternatively, their hands can be situated in the center of the screen, where the initial explosions happen, and then moved across to explore other fireworks.

As the fireworks begin to explode, five nozzles(喷嘴)at the back of the screen start to shoot water, creating movement of water imitating the show. One specializes in the "blooming flower effect", another reproduces the "crackle" effect, and the rest take care of rockets and explosions. A computer controls the timing, and Feeling Fireworks allows users to experience fireworks similar to those in the sky.

Paul Beardsley, who led the research team, says, "We want blind, visually impaired, and sighted people to all try Feeling Fireworks, and to have a shared and enjoyable memory of a fireworks evening."And the screen displaying the vivid images created by water makes it fun for everyone.

The low-cost technology is still in its early stage, with only a 66 percent success rate. However, the team plans to continue improving the experience and believes the day when everyone will be able to enjoy the thrill of fireworks shows is not far. When ready, Feeling Fireworks will initially be available only at the Disney theme parks, and then hopefully, at fireworks shows worldwide.

【小题1】How will Feeling Fireworks help blind people?
A.By improving their sight to see fireworks.
B.By playing the sound of fireworks for them.
C.By enabling them to feel the fireworks by hand.
D.By planting a chip into their brains to see things.
【小题2】Why is water sprayed at the back of the screen?
A.To create the effect of fireworks.B.To keep the screen clean of dust.
C.To protect visitors from being hurt.D.To lead the way for the fireworks.
【小题3】What does the underlined word "it" (in Para. 4) refer to?
A.Staying in company with blind people.B.Watching the nozzles behind the screen.
C.Finding the initial firework explosions.D.Enjoying the grand fireworks show.
【小题4】What can we infer about Feeling Fireworks technology?
A.Research into the technology cost a lot.
B.It needs improvements for a good success rate.
C.It has been put to use at the Disney theme parks
D.It's expected to replace real fireworks one day.

In Kenya, blind students and those with poor eyesight were still using Braille books for their studies until recently.

Kenyan schools for the blind are now beginning to use technology that provides material in an audible (可听见的) form. This has expanded possibilities for the students and taught them new ways to communicate with technology.

17-year-old Lucas Mwanzia has been attending computer classes at the Thika School for the blind for the past two years. He is in the eighth grade now. He started school at a later age because of his poor eyesight. But using the new technology, he can search the Internet for biology class. He says the technology bas opened doors that once were closed and Braille books are costly and you have to spend a lot of money to buy one. With computers, the books are available at little or no cost.

Zachary Muasya was born blind. He is now one of the school’s teachers. He has been teaching the students how to use the technology for about two years now. He says the technology opens up possibilities that can level the playing field for his students. “Assistive technology equips the learners with many skills that really make them independent in life,” says Muasya.

The assistive technology costs$1,000 to set up. But a non-governmental organization called InAble has provided it to the schools at no cost. Peter Okeyo, the program manager at InAble, says blind students using the technology may still face difficulties when they move to higher education. He says students who have used the technology through high school might not have it at the university they attend. Those students might have difficulties if they have to go back to Braille, he adds.

Four out of Kenya’s 11 schools for the blind are using the technology. InAble says it will provide the financing for the remaining schools to join the effort.

【小题1】Why did Lucas Mwanzia start school so late?
A.His parents hadn’t enough money.B.He was blind in both eyes.
C.He was too weak to walk.D.His eyesight was poor.
【小题2】Compared with Braille books, using the new technology is ________.
A.difficult.B.cheap.
C.challenging.D.boring.
【小题3】What can we know about the technology according to Zachary Muasya?
A.It must be learned for two years
B.It can improve blind students’ sight
C.It helps to make the playing field flatter
D.It makes blind students live by themselves
【小题4】What can we infer from the passage?
A.Peter Okeyo is a blind person who works at InAble.
B.InAble is an organization that belongs to American government.
C.Not all the schools for the blind are now equipped with technology.
D.Blind students using the technology can’t finish higher education.

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