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When a laptop or smart phone battery starts losing is power, the only options are to buy an expensive replacement or just keep it plugged in all the time. But a woman Mya Le Thai may have found the solution to this problem.

Thai was frustrated that the batteries for her wireless devices degraded (退化) over time, until they failed to charge fully. She did not like having to keep her laptop connected to an electrical outlet to keep it powered on. So, she decided to do something about that problem. At first, she and her team at UC Irvine thought about inventing a new battery. But as they experimented, Thai discovered something that might permit lithium-ion (锂离子) batteries to last forever.

Lithium-ion batteries power most wireless devices. Over time, the batteries lose the ability to hold a charge. Most of these batteries have a lifespan of about 7,000 charging cycles before they die. One of the reasons lithium-ion batteries degrade is their use of nanowires to carry electricity. Nanowires are extremely thin. A human hair is thousands of times thicker, for example. Nanowires are extremely efficient carriers of electricity, which makes them useful in batteries.

But, Thai had a theory-the nanowires might last longer if covered with a gel (凝胶). She and her team tested his theory. “It was a long process and a lot of work,” Thai said. The team tried many coverings for the wires. PMMA, a type of plastic, was one of them. The nanowires were coated with PMMA and cycled through charging 200.000 times. The PMMA coated nanowires showed no evidence of damage. The results suggest that batteries could last forever without losing charging ability.

Thai hopes to continue her research to understand why this gel works so well and to see if any other gel could create better results and she is enjoying the publicity about her discovery. She said she never expected her research to get media coverage. “It’s kind of cool,” she said. “I’m really glad people are showing interest in my work and not just in the work itself but also in technology and energy.”

【小题1】Why did Mya Le Thai work on lithium-ion batteries?
A.She disliked the batteries for her laptop.
B.Her team were ordered to invent a new battery,
C.The batteries would soon fail to get fully charged.
D.Many people thought batteries were too expensive.
【小题2】What can we infer about nanowires?
A.They are too weak to carry electricity.
B.They are not suitable to use in batteries.
C.They last exactly 7,000 changing cycles.
D.Their thinness is a cause of batteries degrading.
【小题3】What may be the best title for the passage?
A.Mya Le Thai Discovered Nanowires
B.A Woman Invents a Lasting Battery
C.The Options of Batteries for Wireless Devices
D.The Reasons for Batteries Degrading
20-21高一下·浙江·阶段练习
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What’s on Your Pet’s Mind?
In 1977, Irene Pepperberg of Harvard University began studying what was on another creature’s mind by talking to it. Her first experiments began with Alex. Alex was a one-year-old African grey parrot and Irene taught him to produce the sounds of the English language. “I thought if he learned to communicate, I could ask him questions about how he sees the world.”
At the time, most scientists didn’t believe animals had any thoughts. They thought animals were more like robots but didn’t have the ability to think or feel. Of course, if you own a pet you probably disagree. But it is the job of a scientist to prove this and nowadays more scientists accept that animals can think for themselves.
“That’s why I started my studies with Alex,” Irene said, “Some people actually called me crazy for trying this.”
Nowadays, we have more and more evidence that animals have all sorts of mental abilities. Sheep can recognize faces. Chimpanzees (黑猩猩) use a variety of tools and even use weapons to hunt. And Alex the parrot became a very good talker.
Thirty years after the Alex studies began. Irene was still giving him English lessons up until his recent death. For example, if Alex was hungry he could say “want grape”. Alex could count to six and was learning the sounds for seven and eight. “He has to hear the words over and over before he can correctly say them.” Irene said, after pronouncing “seven” for Alex a few times in a row. Alex could also tell the difference between colors, shapes, sizes, and materials (e.g. wood and metal). Before he finally died, Alex managed to say “seven”.
Another famous pet that proved some animals have greater mental skills was a dog called Rico. He appeared on a German TV game show in 2011. Rico knew the names of 200 different toys and easily learned the names of new ones. When Rico became famous, many other dog owners wanted to show how clever their pets were. Another dog called Betsy could understand 300 words.
One theory for dogs’ ability to learn a language is that they have been close companions to humans for many centuries and so their ability to understand us is constantly evolving (进化). While animals can’t do what humans do yet, some scientists believe that examples like Alex and Rico prove that evolution develops intelligence, as well as physical appearance.
【小题1】Irene wanted to find out __________.
A.what a parrot thinks
B.why a parrot can speak
C.how parrots make sounds
D.if parrots speak English
【小题2】Alex learnt new words by __________.
A.singing them
B.reading them
C.writing them
D.rehearing them
【小题3】The two dogs mentioned in the article could _______.
A.understand some words
B.recognize strange voices
C.copy human gestures
D.tell different colors
【小题4】The article concludes that ___________.
A.our pets understand what we say
B.dogs may speak to humans one day
C.humans are related to chimpanzees
D.mental ability can evolve in animals

Each one of us has a set of goals. We work to reach them every day. But the wise should set goals they feel are achievable, a new study shows, as our belief of the goals has a large impact on our life satisfaction later on- whether we achieve said goals or not.

The team examined how life goals affect people's happiness and well-being throughout adulthood. One of the key findings of the study is that people who perceive(将……视作) )their goals as being attainable(可达到的) were overall reported higher affective well-being in the follow-up surveys. The authors take this as an indication that it's the feeling of control over one's life that contributes to these positive feelings.

Our needs also change over time, so the team also looked into how age impacts the choice of goals. Younger participants, for example, rated personal growth, social status, social relationships, and professional advancement as important. Older participants rated social engagement and health as being more important. However, this change in priorities (优先)wasn't sudden -we don't drop personal growth in favor of health the second we turn 40, for example. It happened gradually.

It's important to find which goals work for you. But always try to keep them attainable, or break down big goals into a series of smaller ones. Even if you don't reach them, you'll probably be happier later on.

【小题1】When it comes to goals, what do the wise tend to do?
A.Try hard to work towards goals.B.Set themselves attainable goals.
C.Set different goals from the rest.D.Satisfy themselves with professional goals
【小题2】Which is the finding of the study?
A.Achieving goals leads to positive feelings.
B.Age has little to do with people's choice of life goals.
C.Attainable goals contribute to higher affective well-being.
D.People who can control over their life will achieve most goals.
【小题3】Which goal are older people more likely to value?
A.Health.B.Social status.
C.Personal growth.D.Professional advancement
【小题4】Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A.Setting as many goals as possible.B.Breaking every goal down.
C.Sparing no effort to reach goals.D.Setting suitable and achievable goals.

As we all know, trees are always stationary: they stay more or less where you plant them, and no one worries about finding a tree wandering around a park or back yard.

However, there is one special exception, some say:the so called walking palm tree (棕榈树) was found in the rainforests of Central and South America. Many people believe it can really walk around. This is because of its unusual root system: while most trees have one trunk, the palm breaks into many smaller roots a few feet off the ground, giving it the appearance of many little legs.

The amazing walking ability of the palm tree has always been told by rainforest guides to tourists for years, and appears in many sources of documents as an amazing plant adaptation. As journalist Sherry Seethaler writes in her book Curious Folks Ask 2: “Screen writers searching for the perfect B-movie (小成本电影) plant hero could take inspiration from the walking palm, The tree slowly walks from shade to sunlight by growing new roots toward the light.”

A tree that walks in search of the sun is a fascinating, strange story. And it's not true either; the tree is real enough, but it doesn't walk. It sits where it began to grow, not moving except under the force of wind or an axe.

Biologist Gerardo Avalos is one of the world's top experts on the Socratea exorrhiza. His analysis of the plant and its roots shows that the walking tree can't walk because its roots don't move. A few roots on one side or another may die off, but the trunk itself remains, well, rooted to the spot.

“My paper proves that the belief of the walking palm is just a myth,” Avalos said. “Thinking that a palm tree could actually track the sunlight changes by moving slowly over the forest floor…is a myth that tourist guides find amusing to tell visitors to the rainforest.”

【小题1】What does the underlined word “stationary” in Paragraph 1 mean?
A.Not standing.B.Not moving.C.Not growing.D.Not dying.
【小题2】Why do people think Socratea exorrhiza can walk around?
A.It has no roots underground.B.It appears to have several trunks.
C.It grows a few feet off the ground.D.It appears to have many little legs.
【小题3】What can we learn about the palm tree from the passage?
A.It wanders around the rainforest at night.
B.It grows in Central and North America.
C.It is a popular attraction among visitors.
D.It grows well in the shade of the rainforests.
【小题4】What does biologist Gerardo Avalos believe?
A.The palm tree cannot actually walk at all.
B.The palm tree can move its roots.
C.The palm tree cannot track the sunlight.
D.The palm tree cannot keep its trunk growing.

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