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Bad drivers in the District could soon get a serious warning sent straight to their cellphones. The city is working to identify drivers with a history of traffic violations, such as speeding and red-light carnet tickets, to send messages alerting them of their history of infractions (违规) while warning of their risks of getting into a fatal crash.

City officials say they hope the pointed messages (定制信息) will deter dangerous road behaviors. "Wu know that there is a subset of drivers that are putting others at serious risk with excessive speeding and red-light running," said Jeff Marootian, director of the city's Department of Transportation, one of the agencies leading the effort. "We're hoping that this creative approach can ultimately reduce serious injury and fatality crashes.”

"This is a creative approach that we haven't tried before, and we think that it is worth the effort,"   Marootian said. The concept, which D.C. officials say is a first among cities nationwide, is the latest effort to target dangerous drivers in a city where serious and fatal crashes are on the rise. City leaders said evidence shows drivers with multiple traffic violations are more likely to be involved in crashes.

Researchers have studied the relationship between repeat traffic offenders and serious collisions (碰撞),with some data suggesting a strong connection between the two. But some researchers also have pointed to other factors at play, such as the amount of time the driver spends on the road and exposure to traffic enforcement (强制性)systems.

A team from The Lab led by Muriel E. Bowser, is examining data from the District's automated traffic enforcement program to predict a driver's likelihood of being involved in a serious crash. It will create a campaign that could include text messages and mail sent to a sample of high-risk drivers. "We will evaluate whether drivers who receive these messages have fewer red-light violations, speeding violations, and Ultimately, clashes, compared to the group of high-risk drivers who do not receive the messages,"   according to The Lab.

The program is among the latest road-safety measures with the purpose of cutting the   growing number of traffic injuries and fatalities. Although the new messages appear as a warning to higher-risk drivers city officials said the intent is to educate the recipient, Marootian said there is no violation or fine attached to the message and that the campaign is to use data to directly communicate with individual drivers. Some questioned whether the message will work.

【小题1】What does the underlined word “deter” in paragraph 2 probably mean?
A.Prevent.B.Change.
C.Control.D.Handle.
【小题2】What do we know about the approach to sending pointed messages?
A.It may put the drivers at serious risk of crashing.
B.It can identify drivers with records of traffic accidents.
C.It will completely reduce serious injury and fatality crashes.
D.It is the newest attempt in response to the rising crashes.
【小题3】What can we infer from the fourth paragraph?
A.Traffic offenders always cause serious accidents.
B.New drivers bear less blame for serious collisions.
C.Different elements may contribute to serious accidents.
D.Traffic offenders should spend too much time on the road.
【小题4】How do the team from The Lab know whether the approach works?
A.By sending messages to the drivers.
B.By comparing the impact of the approach on two groups.
C.By predicting the possibility of a driver's involvement in a crash.
D.By checking the response of the receivers who get the messages.
【小题5】What is the text mainly about?
A.A traffic report.B.A scientific method.
C.A professional survey.D.A teaching program.
2021·天津和平·三模
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Today’s post is almost about signs in English, you will see signs on the road while driving or when walking down a street. Now let’s take a closer look at the signs in the picture below, so you can fully understand what they mean in case you come across one of them.

Starting with the top row, we have a:
yield sign — This sign indicates (标示) that you need to slow down, but you may not have to come to a full stop.
Crosswalk — This is a sign that indicates people have the right of way to cross the street, so cars have to stop when they see a person waiting next to one of these signs.
Second row:
do not enter — This sign indicates you are not allowed to enter a road at that point.
Buckle up! — There are often signs on roads in the United States reminding people that wearing seat belts (安全带) is mandatory (强制的) (seat belts laws differ depending on what state you are in, but all US states have seatbelt laws).
Third row:
be alert (警惕的) for bears — This is another sign that is used to indicate to drivers and pedestrians (行人) that they should be alert for wildlife in the area.
Playground — This is the sign used to alert drivers that there is a playground nearby, so it is a good idea to slow down and watch for children.
【小题1】Where can you often see the signs?
A.In a factory
B.On a farm
C.On the road
D.In the class.
【小题2】What would you do when you see yield sign?
A.Slow down.
B.Enter a road at that point.
C.Have to come to a full stop
D.Should be alert for wildlife in the area.
【小题3】What can be learned from the passage?
A.US states have the same law about seat belts
B.All the people in a car should buckle up in US
C.Pedestrians should walk slowly at a crosswalk
D.Drivers should stop the car at the sign of playground
【小题4】What does the underlined phrase “watch for” in the last line mean?
A.See
B.Look at.
C.Look for
D.Pay attention to

It is quite reasonable to blame traffic jams, the cost of gas and the great speed of modern life, but manners on the road are becoming horrible. Everybody knows that the nicest men would become fierce tigers behind the wheel. It is all right to have a tiger in a cage, but to have one in the driver’s seat is another matter altogether.

Road politeness is not only good manners, but good sense too. It takes the most cool-headed drivers great patience to give up the desire to beat back when forced to face rude driving. On the other hand, a little politeness goes a long way towards reducing the possibility of quarrelling and fighting. A friendly nod or a wave of thanks in answer to an act of politeness helps to create an atmosphere of good will and calm so necessary in modern traffic condition. But such behaviors of politeness are by no means enough. Many drivers nowadays don’t even seem able to recognize politeness when they see it.

However, misplaced politeness can also be dangerous. Typical examples are the driver who waves a child crossing the street at a wrong place into the path of oncoming cars that may be not able to stop in time. The same goes for encouraging old ladies to cross the road wherever and whenever they want to. It always amazes me that the highways are not covered with the dead bodies of these grannies (奶奶).

An experienced driver, whose manners are faultless, told me it would help if drivers learnt to correctly join in traffic stream without causing total blockages that give rise to unpleasant feelings. Unfortunately, modern drivers can’t even learn to drive. Years ago, experts warned us that the fast increase of the car ownership would demand more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time for all of us to take this message to heart.

【小题1】According to the passage, trouble on the road are often caused by ____________.
A.road conditionsB.the speed of modern life
C.the large number of carD.the behavior of the drivers
【小题2】In the writer’s opinion, ___________.
A.drivers should show road politeness properly
B.strict traffic rules are badly needed
C.unskillful drivers should be punished
D.drivers should avoid traffic jams
【小题3】The underlined word “give-and-take” in the passage means __________.
A.politeness and impolitenessB.willingness to give in to each other’s wishes
C.offering help to others as much as possibleD.good manners and bad manners
【小题4】What is the best title of the passage?
A.Road PolitenessB.Traffic Problems
C.Bad Manners on the RoadD.Good Drivers and Bad Driver

Washington D.C. serves as the capital of the United States. The name, District of Columbia honors Christopher Columbus, and the city’s better-known name of Washington, honors the first president. However, it once again ranked first in terms of dangerous driving. The probability of a traffic accident in Washington residents is 109.3% higher than the national average.

As a result, Washington D.C. is working to identify drivers with a history of breaking traffic rules, such as speeding and illegal parking, to send pointed message to warn them seriously of their risks of getting into a deadly crash.

City officials say they hope the pointed messages will deter dangerous road behaviors. “ Some drivers are putting others at serious risk with speeding and red-light running and we hope that this creative approach can gradually reduce serious injury and crashes.” said Jeff Melley, director of the city’s Department of Transportation.

Researchers have studied the relationship between repeated traffic offenders and serious crashes, with some data suggesting a strong connection between the two. That means, drivers with multiple dangerous road behaviors are more likely to be involved in crashes. A team from The Lab led by researchers from the MIT will create a campaign. “We will evaluate whether high-risk drivers who receive these messages have fewer dangerous road behaviors, compared to the group of high-risk drivers who do not receive the messages.”

City officials said the purpose of these pointed messages is to educate the high-risk drivers. Jeff said, “there is no punishment or fine attached to the message and the campaign is to use data to directly communicate with individual drivers.” So some questioned whether the message will work. Anyway, efficient measures begin with creative tryouts.

【小题1】What do we know about the approach to sending pointed messages?
A.It may put the drivers at serious risk of crashing.
B.It can punish drivers with records of traffic accidents.
C.It will completely reduce serious injury and deadly crashes.
D.It is the newest attempt with the aim of reducing serious traffic accidents.
【小题2】What does the underlined word “deter” in paragraph 3 probably mean?
A.Prevent.B.Increase.
C.Encourage.D.Discover.
【小题3】What can we infer from paragraph 4?
A.Traffic offenders always cause serious accidents.
B.New drivers bear less blame for serious collisions.
C.Repeated traffic offenders are more likely to cause serious accidents.
D.Traffic offenders should not spend too much time on the road.
【小题4】How do the team from The Lab know whether the approach works?
A.By sending messages to the drivers.
B.By comparing the impact of the approach on two groups.
C.By predicting the possibility of a driver’s involvement in a crash.
D.By checking the response of the receivers who get the messages.

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