It would be easy to believe that Mother’s Day was created by a greeting card company. After all, the day is celebrated with special sales and brunches, lots of presents and massive advertising campaigns. But the day was actually conceived more than a century ago by Anna Jarvis of West Virginia as a way of honoring the sacrifices mothers made for their children.
Jarvis’s mother, Ann Reeves Jarvis, helped start “Mothers’ Day Work Clubs,” teaching women how to care for their children. During the Civil War, she organized “Mothers’ Friendship Day,” where mothers of Union and Confederate soldiers met to try to promote harmony. The younger Jarvis Was inspired by all the things her mother had accomplished with her social work.
When Jarvis was young, she overheard her mother praying, “I hope and pray that someone, sometime, will find a memorial mother’s day honoring her for the matchless service she offers to humanity in every field of life.” When her mom died in 1905, Jarvis looked through all the sympathy cards she received. She underlined all the kind words that praised her mother, reading them over and over. The outpouring of kindness for her mother inspired her to create a day to honor all mothers.
The white carnation was her mother’s favorite flower, so it became the symbol for the day. She said it symbolized the truth, purity and charity of a mother’s love. Her idea of celebrating Mother’s Day was wearing a carnation while visiting your mother or maybe going to church together. Children were also encouraged to write letters to their mothers, sharing the depths of their appreciation.
The first official Mother’s Day events were held on May 10. 1908, at the church where her mother taught Sunday School in Grafton, West Virginia, and at the Wanamaker’s department store auditorium（礼堂）in Philadelphia. Jarvis didn’t attend the event in Grafton, but she sent 500 white carnations.
【小题1】What is the probable meaning of the underlined word “conceived” in paragraph 1?| A．Thought up | B．Figured out. |
| C．Found out. | D．Believed in. |
| A．She created Mother’s Day. | B．She was active in social work. |
| C．She joined in the American Civil War. | D．She taught Jarvis how to care for children. |
| A．Pray for their mother’s happiness. | B．Send some flowers to their mothers. |
| C．Write a letter to thank their mothers. | D．Accompany their mothers to the celebration. |
| A．A Memorable Mother | B．Carnation and Mother’s Day |
| C．The Greatness of a Mother | D．The Founding of Mother’s Day |
Take the taxi drivers for example. Taxis in Finland are mostly high-class Benz（奔驰）with a fare of two US dollars a kilometer. You can go anywhere in one, tell the driver to drop you at any place, say that you have some business to attend to, and then walk off without paying your fare. The driver would not show the least sign of anxiety.
The dining rooms in all big hotels not only serve their guests, but also serve outside diners. Hotel guests have their meals free, so they naturally go to the free dining rooms to have their meals. The most they would do to show their good faith is to wave their registration card to the waiter. With such a loose check, you can easily use any old registration card to take a couple of friends to dine free of charge.
The Finnish workers are paid by the hour. They are very much on their own as soon as they have agreed with the boss on the rate（价钱）. From then on they just say how many hours they have worked and they will be paid accordingly（相应地）.
With so many loopholes（漏洞）in everyday life, surely Finland must be a heaven to those who love to take “petty advantages”. But the strange thing is, all the taxi passengers would always come back to pay their fare after they have attended to their business; not a single outsider has ever been found in the free hotel dining rooms. And workers always give an honest account of the exact hours they put in. As the Finns always act on good faith in everything they do, living in such a society has turned everyone into a real “gentleman”.
In a society of such high moral practice, what need is there for people to be on guard against others?
【小题1】While taking a taxi in Finland, _________.
| A．a passenger can never be turned down by the taxi driver wherever he wants to go |
| B．a passenger pays two US dollars for a taxi ride |
| C．a passenger can go anywhere without having to pay the driver |
| D．a passenger needs to provide good faith demonstration before they leave without paying |
| A．provide meals for only those who live in the hotels |
| B．provide meals for any diners |
| C．provide free wine and charge for food |
| D．are mostly poorly managed |
| A．The workers in Finland are paid by the hour. |
| B．The bosses in Finland are too busy to check the working hours of their employees. |
| C．The workers are always honest with their working hours. |
| D．The workers and their bosses will make an agreement in advance about the pay. |
| A．Finnish people are not smart enough in daily life |
| B．Finland has been a good place for cheats |
| C．the Finnish society is of very high moral level |
| D．all the Finns are rich |
Music Festivals in Portugal
Portugal gets great success when it comes to music festivals. Across the year, the Iberian nation will host some important events. Here is our pick of the best.
Afro Nation Portugal
Line-up (阵容): Burna Boy, Chris Brown, P-Square, Tems, Koffee, Tekno.
As a flagship festival, Afro Nation Portugal is a huge party with music of Afrobeats, hip hop, R&B and so on.
When & Where: 1-3 June, Portimão
Rolling Loud Portugal
Line-up: Future, J. Cole, Lil Baby, Skepta, Shenseea.
The world’s biggest hip hop festival touches down in Ericeira for the first time, complete with an impressive line-up of rappers.
When &. Where: 6-8 July, Ericeira
NOS Alive
Line-up: The Strokes, Metallica, Stromae.
Spend your days cooling off in the Tagus River and your nights enjoying yourself in the mixture of international and underground music. Also, just ten minutes away from some of the best beaches and surfing spots in Europe, NOS Alive has become much more than just a music festival.
When & Where: 16-19 July, Zambujeira
Sónar Lisboa
Line-up: Arca, Thundercat, DJ Shadow, Honey Dijon, Bicep
The latest addition to the music festival family, Sonar Lisboa will be held across several venues throughout Lisbon to celebrate the latest trends in dance and electronic music, visual arts and digital culture.
When & Where: 2-8 August, Lisbon
【小题1】When can you enjoy a music festival in Portimão?| A．On June the second. | B．On July the sixth. |
| C．On July the eighteenth. | D．On August the third. |
| A．It is a music festival. | B．It attracts many stars. |
| C．It is held near surfing spots. | D．It includes visual arts. |
| A．Afro Nation Portugal. | B．Rolling Loud Portugal. |
| C．NOS Alive. | D．Sónar Lisboa. |
A few years ago, Darla Hoff painted a pumpkin face onto a round straw bale(捆)at A1 and Karen Goldman's farm in Idaho Palls to advertise her U-pick pumpkin field. While Darla has stopped growing pumpkins, the annual tradition of straw bale art lives on at the farm and has drawn friends and neighbors to participate in it. Past creations have included an owl, Minions, tractors and a teddy bear.
To make the tractors, A1 baled round straw bales in two different sizes smaller ones for the tractor's front tires and larger ones for the rear(尾部). Large square bales made up the bodies. Jerry Kienlen used his farming equipment to arrange the bales in the shape of two tractors. Then it was time to bring the tractors to life. Karen and her daughter. Lana Hedrick, secured some green paint, and A1 got some red paint. Darla's husband, James, sprayed the creation with a paint gun. For the finishing touches, Steven donated two shiny exhaust stacks (排气管),and A1 and Karen donated two steering wheels from their farm parts.
The farm's annual straw bale art projects have now become a way for everyone to celebrate the end of another growing season. It's just something fun to do together after harvest. This neighborhood has always been close. Generations of these families have grown crops in this soil. Raised on the farms where they live now, they grew up together as their elders did before. A1 and Karen are truly super neighbors. Every year they also grow about two acres of corn to give away. Anyone can pick some, or A1 and Karen will even deliver. And during long Idaho winters, everyone gathers at the farm to enjoy fresh coffee and cookies.
This year's straw hale creation theme is Straw Wars. And all eyes will be on A1 and Karen's farm as their creation takes shape.
【小题1】Why did Darla paint a pumpkin face onto a straw bale?| A．To recycle straw bales. |
| B．To please his neighbors. |
| C．To create a new tradition. |
| D．To make an advertisement. |
| A．The straw bale tires. |
| B．The square straw bales. |
| C．The straw bale tractors. |
| D．The farming equipment. |
| A．It needs something fun. |
| B．It’s a good way to celebrate harvest. |
| C．It makes A1 and Karen famous in the town. |
| D．It stands for the beginning of a new season. |
| A．Generous. | B．Creative. |
| C．Funny. | D．Determined. |
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