Think of the many different ways you enjoy fish or other seafood: steaming fish ball soup, grilled salmon, boiled shrimp and more. Now think about not having this delicious food because of no more fish and seafood. You would likely miss them a lot, and not just you. Nearly half of the world’s population relies on seafood as a major source of protein.
Harvesting fish and other sea life isn’t bad for the ocean, but harvesting it faster than it can recover is. This is called overfishing, and the number of overfished wild stocks has tripled in the past 50 years. Overfishing affects not only a food source but many economies. Many businesses and jobs depend on fishing for their livelihoods. When fish stocks shrink, people lose their means of supporting themselves and their families. Worldwide, fishing is US $362 billion business. Over 4 million fishing boats sail the waters of the world. Many boats are becoming increasingly efficient, which increases overfishing.
According to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN, one third of the world’s fisheries are being pushed beyond their natural limits. Overfishing goes hand in hand with bycatch (误捕的鱼). This means unwanted sea life is captured along with the desired catch and is thrown away. Thus, billions of fish along with seabirds, sea turtles and millions of sharks are lost.
The Marine Stewardship Council (MSC) has been working with scientists, fisheries and seafood producers for over 20 years. They have developed standards promoting sustainable fishing. When fisheries meet MSC’s standards, the oceans and those who make a living from them are protected. Around 15 percent of wild-capture fisheries are now MSC certified. And Fishery Improvement Projects (FIPS) in many countries are working to increase that percentage.
What can you do? Look for MSC’s blue fish label, which appears on over 30,000 products and menus in almost 100 countries. Buying a product with this label means you’re supporting a fishery that is contributing to healthier oceans.
【小题1】Which of the following opinions will the author favor?A.We need to develop more fish recipes. |
B.Many people consider seafood as nutritious. |
C.You can never eat fish and other seafood too much. |
D.It’s great to treat your friends to tasty seafood. |
A.Many people live by fishing. |
B.Overfishing isn’t always bad for the ocean. |
C.Fishing economies are picking up soon. |
D.Many boats have no fish to catch. |
A.Bycatch is thrown back. |
B.More investment is put in fisheries. |
C.All the countries are called on to conserve the ocean. |
D.Some requirements for green fishing are made. |
A.Buying the seafood with MSC’s certification. |
B.Looking for MSC’s blue fish label worldwide. |
C.Making contributions to fishing in eco-friendly environment. |
D.Predicting about the oceans and the fish for years to come. |
In the 2010s, 34-year old Brianne Miller travelled around the world as a marine (海洋的) biologist. No matter how remote the location, she made the same alarming discovery: large amounts of plastic polluting the water and threatening marine life. Miller knew she needed to do something.
Canadians throw out three million tons of plastic waste each year, 33 per cent of which comes from food packaging. Miller, determined to solve the problem at the source, envisioned a shop that not just banned the use of plastic bags—a place that avoided both wasteful packaging and the bad habit of wasting food itself.
To put her thought into practice, in June 2018, Miller opened one of the first zero-waste grocery stores in Canada. She named it Nada. You can bring your own containers (容器), though it’s not necessary: right by the front door are recycled glass or plastic containers, free for the taking.
The early days of the pandemic (疫情) were hard on the business. Because food sales were restricted (限制), Nada closed its doors to the public for 18 months. But then Miller turned to online ordering and delivery. The zero-waste deliveries are made by e-bike and electric vehicles. Everything from olive oil to fresh eggs comes delivered in recycled containers, which are collected and reused for the next round of deliveries.
Those containers do so much more than just reduce waste. They get people thinking big, just as Miller had hoped they would. “You can see how many times the container has been used,” she says.
【小题1】What made Miller take action to deal with plastic waste?A.The terrible situation of the ocean life. |
B.The strong desire to travel all over the world. |
C.The great responsibility of researching plastic. |
D.The respect and admiration from other biologists. |
A.Doubt. | B.Demand. | C.Advise. | D.Imagine. |
A.It asked consumers to pay for plastic containers. |
B.It went out of business because of the pandemic. |
C.It provided environmental friendly delivery service. |
D.It suggested people to buy less food to reduce waste. |
A.Kind and ambitious. | B.Creative and determined. |
C.Brave and humorous | D.Optimistic and confident. |
Have you ever noticed tiny raised areas on the branches of a tree? These may have been insects. These small insects feed on tree sap (汁液). Insects on urban trees are notably more abundant than those on rural trees. As a result, urban trees suffer from heavy infestations (害虫横行), and are often unhealthy or die. To protect and restore urban trees’ health, we need to determine the factors that make these tree pests more successful in urban habitats.
Living organisms interact closely with their environment. The warmer, more drought-stressed trees harbor more successful pests than cooler, less drought-stressed trees. As cities and natural habitats become hotter and drier, damaging insects will become more abundant on urban trees.
Trees within urban forests are valuable economically and for the environmental sustainability (可持续性) of the region. More than half of the world’s population lives in cities. Across the globe, people are moving into cities at a faster rate than ever. Rapid growth may turn cities into places with harder conditions. Although cities are primarily made of buildings, roads, parking lots, and vehicles, there are still plants in them. The trees within a city are referred to as the urban forest. Urban forests offer very big benefits to human and environmental health. They improve air and water quality, provide habitat for wildlife, cool down temperatures and beautify our environment. They make cities livable.
However, being a city tree is not easy. Heat released by human activities is trapped in cities. As a result, temperatures in urban areas are often warmer than their surrounding rural areas. We call this urban warming or the urban heat island effect. Urban habitats are mostly made of surfaces of asphalt (沥青) and concrete. These surfaces reduce the amount of rainwater that reaches tree roots. As a result, urban forests may suffer, which can negatively affect people and the environment.
What can we do to restore urban forests? Regular irrigation when possible may help keep pest populations under control. Planting tree species that are suitable to handle heat and drought stress would also reduce the occurrence of insect pest outbreaks.
【小题1】What makes tree pests more successful in the city than in rural areas?A.The warmer and rainy habitat. |
B.The hotter and drier habitat. |
C.The cooler and drier habitat. |
D.The hotter and rainy habitat. |
A.providing people enough clean water |
B.improving the living environment |
C.offering people economic benefits |
D.lowering the temperatures |
A.Natural disasters. |
B.Invisible forces. |
C.Human activities. |
D.Natural evolution. |
A.The Importance of the Urban Trees |
B.How to Protect the Urban Trees |
C.Urban Trees Are in Great Danger |
D.Let’s Act for the Protection of Urban Trees |
组卷网是一个信息分享及获取的平台,不能确保所有知识产权权属清晰,如您发现相关试题侵犯您的合法权益,请联系组卷网