Carved into the cliffs above the Dachuan River, the Mogao Caves represent the great   【小题1】 (achieve) of Buddhist art over 1000 years, from the Northern Wei Dynasty to the Yuan Dynasty.

In all, 492 caves are   【小题2】 (present) preserved, housing about 45,000 square meters of murals and over 2,000 painted sculptures, 【小题3】 provide an abundance of vivid materials demonstrating   【小题4】 (vary) aspects of medieval (中世纪的) politics, economics, culture, arts, religion, ethnic relations, and daily dress in western China.

The caves 【小题5】 (link) to the history of transcontinental relations and of the spread of Buddhism throughout Asia, 【小题6】 (offer) invaluable reference for studying the complex history of ancient China and Central Asia.

In 1961, the Mogao Caves were listed as one of the State Priority Protected Sites and put 【小题7】 the protection of national laws. In 1987, the caves were registered on the World Heritage List. For years, the Administrative Institution of the Mogao Caves 【小题8】 (cooperate) with international counterparts to study conservation and site management.

The goal of the future is 【小题9】 (conduct) the measures set out in the management plan by the 【小题10】 (schedule) time, and make its historical value available to future generations.

First discovered in 1899 at the Yin Ruins in Anyang, central China’s Henan Province, the oracle bone inscriptions, or “jiaguwen”, are considered the 【小题1】(old) fully developed characters of all known languages as well as 【小题2】origin of the Chinese characters people use today. This ancient language has long attracted Chinese archaeologists(考古学家), and Liu Yiman is one of them.

Having taken part in two of China’s major archaeological 【小题3】(discovery) related to the oracle bone inscriptions, Liu had her first encounter with them in 1973 and developed an around half-century long passion 【小题4】 her beloved inscriptions. The discovery of “jiaguwen” marked a curtain-raiser for China to have its academic institutions conduct archaeological excavations(发掘), thus 【小题5】(set) the country’s archaeological excavations on a scientific track.For Liu, the interpretations of “jiaguwen” offer clues for the absolute dating—a technique 【小题6】(typical) used to conduct archaeological work-of the Yin Ruins, and provide evidence 【小题7】(determine) how long ago the ancient objects came from and figure out their ages.

Around 4,400 characters on oracle bones 【小题8】(identify) so far, according to the archaeologist, with about one-third of 【小题9】(they) recognized. Unlike other world’s most famous ancient writing systems,oracle bone inscriptions are the only ones that did not become extinct in history 【小题10】 still survive thousands of years later,despite historical changes and social development.

Hakka Earth Building is a bright pearl of Chinese civilization. It is praised as a magnificent architectural work of village houses in 【小题1】 world for its long history, unique style, smart structure and magnificent scale, which is 【小题2】 (close) related to the history of Hakka people in the mountainous areas in Fujian.

Earthen houses are made 【小题3】 earth, stone, bamboo and wood, all readily available materials which are used 【小题4】 (form) walls up to 6 feet thick. The end result is a windproof, quake-proof building that is warmer in winter and cooler in summer 【小题5】 others. The top has gun holes for defensive purposes. In addition to the unique function of defending against the 【小题6】 (enemy), the earth building also has the characteristics of fire prevention, guarding against wild animals and good lighting. What is amazing about these earth buildings 【小题7】 (be) the fact that some of them are over 700 years old, surviving through natural elements, including earthquakes.

In 2008, a total of 46 Fujiantulou sites 【小题8】 (list) as World Heritage Site by UNESCO. They’re exceptional examples of a building tradition and function 【小题9】 (represent) a particular type of group living and defensive organization in a 【小题10】 (harmony) relationship with their environment.