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Using a Mobile Phone to Improve Mother and Child Health

People around the world are working to expand the uses for mobile technology in health care.

In the world, there are six billion mobile phone users in a population of seven billion people. 【小题1】 Africa has widespread adoption. Three or four years ago the penetration rates were 20 percent or 30 percent, and now they’re getting upwards of 60 percent in some countries.

【小题2】 Earlier research has been to look at mobile technologies and HIV and AIDS. And so we have some great evidence on the effectiveness of mobiles.

During the first week of December, 2012, more than 4,000 people from 50 countries met for the fourth annual mHealth Summit. It brought together experts from what the organizers call the mHealth ecosystem.

In 2011 Secretary of State Hillary Clinton started a public/private partnership called the Mobile Alliance for Maternal Action, or MAMA. There are about 800 women a day and about three million babies a year die from pregnancy and childbirth-related causes. 【小题3】 The messages cover pregnancy and the first year of a baby’s life. These health messages may also be sent to a pregnant woman’s husband and mother-in-law. 【小题4】 Messages can be text or voicemail. You can have a pregnant woman in Bangladesh registered into a system that provides messages that help her know what to do and when to do certain things.

Simple text messages can be important sources of information to people without Internet access. 【小题5】 They have to be able to read through thousands of entries that come back to them on Google, for example, and then figure out what that information means to them. And that’s not something that someone in a poor and uneducated kind of situation can do.

A.They have no access to the relevant information.
B.A lot of work has been done to use mobile technology for health.
C.Millions of messages about baby care are received every day.
D.That way they too can understand what needs to be done.
E.The program sends messages to women to educate them about their health.
F.And the most rapidly growing markets are those in developing countries.
G.Besides, online users may sometimes not understand all the information available.
20-21高三上·江苏扬州·阶段练习
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We spend around one third of our lives in bed, and the body does a lot of its repair work as we sleep, so sufficient good quality sleep is very important to our health. It doesn't stop there,though-- some sleep positions are healthier than others. So which sleep position is the healthiest?

Sleeping on your back is the healthiest sleep position. Health benefits include avoiding back and neck pain. Because the head is raised above the stomach when you sleep on your back, this position is best for people who suffer from nighttime acid reflux (胃酸逆流) as well. Around 80% of heartburn (胃灼热) sufferers have problems during the night, so sleeping on their back could help a lot of people to enjoy a good night's sleep. If the sleep position alone is not enough to alleviate the condition, try raising the head of the bed by up to 4 inches by placing blocks under it.

When you sleep on your back, your face is in a natural position. This means less wrinkles(皱纹). If you really can't face sleeping on your back, another healthy sleep position is the side sleep. It's almost as good as the back position, and it's better for people who snore(打鼾) and their partners. Whichever sleep position you choose, use a pillow that supports the head and the neck without raising the head unnaturally, as this can bring neck pain.

【小题1】Which is NOT one of the benefits of sleeping on the back?
A.It can avoid acid reflux.
B.It makes people look younger.
C.It helps people get rid of stomach pain.
D.It's good for heartburn sufferers.
【小题2】The underlined word“alleviate" in Paragraph 2 probably means '
A.make it worseB.make it bigger
C.make it less usefulD.make it less serious
【小题3】What does the text mainly talk about?
A.Ways to keep us healthy .B.The importance of sleep.
C.Healthy positions of sleep.D.Sleep's repairing functions.
【小题4】In which part of a magazine may the article appear?
A.Science fiction.B.Sports.C.Health.D.Fashion.

Maybe your mom or dad has told you, “Turn that down before you go deaf!” Well, they have a point.

【小题1】 You also could have tinnitus (耳鸣), which is a medical term for ringing in the ears. Your ears can feel “full” too. Although your hearing often returns to normal, the dangerous part is that you can lose it permanently if you listen to loud noise or music over and over again.

If someone is exposed to loud noise over a long period of time, permanent hearing loss can occur. 【小题2】 That’s why construction workers and factory workers need to wear ear protection.

【小题3】 Some famous musicians have suffered hearing loss and developed tinnitus — a real problem for someone who needs to hear to make and enjoy music. That’s why now you might notice that some of your favorite musicians wear hearing protection while they’re playing.

You too can help keep your hearing in good shape. Save your ears by wearing ear protection when you’re using machinery. 【小题4】 You also might want to give your ears a rest once in a while if you like wearing headphones. 【小题5】

A.However, pleasant sounds, like music, do less harm to hearing.
B.Take these steps now and you won’t be saying “What?” later on.
C.Listening to loud music a lot can cause the same kind of damage.
D.This means the person’s hearing won’t ever be as good as it once was.
E.Hearing protection devices come with different noise reduction ratings.
F.Temporary hearing loss can happen after you’ve been exposed to loud noise.
G.Also remember to turn down volume, especially when you’re wearing headphones.

If you're like most kids, you've probably heard at least one parent say, "Don't forget to take your vitamin(维他命)!" or "Eat your salad — it's packed with vitamins!" But what exactly are vitamins?

Vitamins and minerals are substances that are found in foods we eat. Your body needs them to work properly, so you grow and develop just like you should. When it comes to vitamins, each one has a special role to play. For example:Vitamin D in milk and fish helps your bones. Vitamin A in orange fruits and vegetables,liver and milk helps you see at night. Vitamin C in oranges and some green vegetables helps your body heal if you get a cut. Vitamin E in nuts, seeds, whole grains and green, leafy vegetables protects your lungs from becoming damaged by polluted air. B vitamins in green leafy vegetables help your body make energy from food.

When you eat foods that contain fat-soluble(脂溶性的) vitamins, the vitamins are stored in the fat tissues in your body and in your liver. They wait around in your body fat until your body needs them.

Fat-soluble vitamins are happy to stay stored in your body for a while — some stay for a few days, some for up to 6 months! Then, when it's time for them to be used, special carriers in your body take them to where they're needed. Vitamins A, D, E, and K are all fat-soluble vitamins.

Water-soluble vitamins are different. When you eat foods that have water-soluble vitamins, the vitamins don't get stored as much in your body. Instead, they travel through your bloodstream. Whatever your body doesn't use comes out of your body. So these kinds of vitamins need to be replaced often because they don't stick around! This crowd of vitamins includes vitamin C and the big group of B vitamins — B1 , B2 , B6 , B12 and so on.

【小题1】The first paragraph of the passage is used to ________.
A.tell us the special use of salad
B.lead to the topic of the passage
C.advise kids to take more vitamins
D.show readers the value of vitamins
【小题2】If a man suffers from night blindness, he’d better take more ____.
A.vitamin DB.vitamin A
C.vitamin ED.vitamin C
【小题3】What is special about fat-soluble vitamins?
A.They can stay stored in our bodies for some time.
B.They are needed in our bodies every minute.
C.They can be easily produced in our bodies.
D.They contain all kinds of vitamins.
【小题4】After reading the passage, we learn that ____.
A.kids need a lot more vitamins than adults
B.water-soluble vitamins stay long in our bodies
C.fat-soluble vitamins need to be replaced very often
D.vitamins play a great role in the development of our bodies

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