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In the 13th century, Marco Polo, the world-known Italian traveler, saw many wonderful things in China. One of the things he discovered was money made of paper. People in the West did not have such kind of money until the 15th century. However, the Chinese began to use it in the 7th century.

Paper was invented by a Chinese man called Cai Lun almost 2,000 years ago. But it was not made in Europe until the year 1,100. Four hundred years later, a German discovered that he could make the best paper from trees. After that, countries, rich in forests, such as Canada, Sweden, America, and Finland, became the most important ones in paper making.

Paper can be used in many ways. The common uses include newspapers, magazines and books. But do you know that paper can be used for keeping warm? In Finland, the farmers wear paper boots to keep their feet warm in the snow. And even houses can be insulated (使绝缘)from heat or cold with paper.

However, we have to understand that paper still comes from trees now. If we keep on wasting so much paper, there will not be any trees left on the earth some day in the near future. Every day people throw away about 2, 800 tons of paper in our city. It takes 17 trees to make one ton of paper. This means that we are cutting down nearly 48,000 trees every day. The fact is that it takes more than 10 years for a tree to grow.

So we must start saving paper right now. We can use both sides of every piece of paper. We can make useful things out of used paper. We can use china cups instead of paper ones. When shopping, we can use fewer paper bags and reuse them if we have some.

In short, we should keep a balance between using paper and protecting trees, and do it now before it is too late.

【小题1】When did the Chinese begin to use paper money?
A.In the 5th century.B.In the 6th century.
C.In the 7th century.D.In the 15th century.
【小题2】Why did Canada become an important country in paper making?
A.It had lots of forests.B.It was a large country.
C.It was a very rich country.D.It produced the paper inventor.
【小题3】How many trees are needed to make one ton of paper?
A.10.B.17.C.2,800.D.48,000.
【小题4】What is Paragraph 5 mainly about?
A.How we can make useful things.B.How paper boots are made.
C.How paper was invented.D.How we can save paper.
21-22高一上·四川内江·期末
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Home gardens produce delicious food. But that’s not their main virtue.

Imagine a plate holding two strawberries, identical in appearance. One comes out of a supermarket box, meaning it is probably harvested when it is still unripe, immediately placed in a forced-air cooling unit and driven hundreds of miles. By the time it reaches the plate, it may have been off the vine for two weeks. The other strawberry is picked from a garden minutes before being eaten. The first one will probably taste sour with a light strawberry flavor. The second is likely to be sweet, and the flavor will remain in the mouth, as the smell will on the hands.

Supermarket strawberries are not entirely without advantages: they are convenient and available almost everywhere. The same could be said of cooking: affordable and decent restaurants around, so why bother to make your own meals?

That attitude misunderstands the final appeal of gardening: it mistakes the product for the purpose.

It is true that a garden, especially in the early years, can bring little but frustration. Inexperienced gardeners may plant the wrong crops for their soil. And even expert gardeners can lose a season’s harvest to uncooperative weather.

No matter.

The real joy of gardening is the time spent doing it. The deepest pleasure—as with cooking, writing, or almost anything worthwhile—is in the work itself. A gardener’s memories center not on the food produced, but on long summer afternoons with hands in the dirt, surrounded by family, if the garden is at home, or enhancing relationships with friends and neighbors in a community garden. To garden is to patiently, lovingly and diligently help life grow, in the ground and above it.

【小题1】What do we know about the supermarket strawberry?
A.It may taste sour.B.It is cheaper than the garden one.
C.It is picked two weeks before it is ripe.D.It looks more attractive than the garden one.
【小题2】Why might a home garden harvest little?
A.Because the soil is wet.B.Because the weather is bad.
C.Because the gardener lacks confidence.D.Because the plants grow in the wrong season.
【小题3】Gardening is similar to cooking and writing in that __________.
A.they all encourage patienceB.they all promote friendships
C.they all need rich experienceD.they all bring joy in the process
【小题4】What is the text mainly about?
A.The advantages of green food.B.The benefits of home gardening.
C.The trend of making food at home.D.The pleasure of watching life grow.

Every May it happens. I drop to my knees just outside the back door, raise my arms to the sky and shout — That’s it! I give up! Take my flowers beds, you killer weeds! Blackberry vines (藤蔓), this land is yours! Vines climb up and kill my trees one by one! I’m down!

Then I get up, lie down on the swing, and close my eyes. I’m sure I can hear the weeds growing and the vines creeping in. I swear they are ail laughing at me, too. They don’t even have the manners to wait until I leave there.

There is no denying that gardens are battle zones in the spring. I blame it on those April and May rains. Once the heat moves in, I can control what gets watered and survives, but those early showers even out the battlefield.

Garden tools alone make it clear that gardening isn’t an easy thing. My old cart seems to have the personality of a tank, and I’m pretty sure my spade is second cousin to a dagger.

By late June, both sides are worn down. I’ve given some of the yard over to the weeds — you just can’t win them all. That’s a battle for next year. There is no clear victory for me, but I’ve stood my ground for yet another season.

【小题1】What does the underlined “it” in Paragraph 1 most probably refer to?
A.That heat moves in and evens out the battlefield.
B.That vines creep in and kill all the trees one by one.
C.That weeds take whole possession of the flower beds.
D.That the author gets exhausted from fighting against weeds.
【小题2】What can we know from Paragraph 3?
A.Spring is the best time to kill weeds.
B.Spring’s heat helps weeds to win the battle.
C.The rain makes it hard for the author to win her battle.
D.The spring rain makes the plants to suffer too much.
【小题3】What can we learn according to the passage?
A.The author is exhausted by the battle and has finally given up.
B.The author has decided to battle with the weeds next year.
C.The author enjoys the battle with the weeds and expect another fight.
D.The author does not want to kill ail the weeds since they are also helpful.

Adults are often embarrassed about asking for aid. It’s an act that can make people feel vulnerable. The moment you ask for directions, you reveal that you are lost. Seeking assistance can feel like you are broadcasting your incompetence.

New research suggests young children don’t seek help in school, even when they need it, for the same reason. It has revealed that youngsters as young as age five care deeply about the way others think about them.

To learn more about how children think about reputation, we asked 576 children, ages four to nine, to predict the behavior of two characters in a story. One of the characters genuinely wanted to be smart, and the other merely wanted to seem smart to others. In the study, we told children that both characters did poorly on a test. We then asked which of these characters would be more likely to raise their hand in front of their class to ask the teacher for help.

The four-year-olds were equally likely to choose either of the two characters as the one who would seek help. But by age seven or eight, children thought that the character who wanted to seem smart would be less likely to ask for assistance. And children’s expectations were truly “reputational” in nature — they were specifically thinking about how the characters would act in front of peers. When assistance could be sought privately (on a computer rather than in person), children thought both characters were equally likely to ask for it.

When children themselves are the ones struggling, it seems quite possible they, too, might avoid seeking out help when others are present, given our findings. Their unwillingness could seriously slow academic progress.

Such reputational barriers likely require reputation-based solutions. Teachers could give children more opportunities to ask help privately by making themselves available to students for one-on-one conversations. Teachers should help students consider asking questions in front of others as normal, positive behavior. Parents could point out how a child’s question kicked off a valuable conversation in which the entire family got to talk and learn together. Adults could praise kids for seeking help. These responses send a strong signal that other people value a willingness to ask for aid and that seeking help is part of a path to success.

【小题1】What does the underlined word “vulnerable” in paragraph 1 probably mean ?
A.Helpful.B.Lazy.C.Weak.D.Lost.
【小题2】Why are children unwilling to ask for help in front of others?
A.They care about their reputation.B.They want to learn from the adults.
C.They worry about others’ emotions.D.They can solve the problem independently.
【小题3】What are children asked to do in the study?
A.To pretend to be smart.B.To find out which character is smarter.
C.To choose a character they like.D.To predict who would ask for help publicly.
【小题4】Which of the following can be a way to solve reputational barriers?
A.Parents keep asking kids more questions.
B.Teachers discourage asking for help privately.
C.Adults consider asking questions publicly worthwhile.
D.Teachers reduce one-on-one conversations with students.

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