Although ethics(道德)lessons are common around the world, scientists are unsure if the lessons can actually change behavior. But a new study found that a single ethics lesson may have had lasting effects.
The researchers investigated one lesson’s impact on eating meat. They chose this particular behavior for three reasons, according to study co-author Eric, a philosopher at the University of California: students’ attitudes on the topic are variable, behavior is easily measurable, and eating less meat is good because it reduces environmental harm and animal suffering. The researchers studied students in four classes. Half of them read an article on the ethics of factory-farmed meat, watched an 11-minute video on the topic and joined a 50-minute discussion. The other half focused on charitable giving instead. Then, the researchers studied their meal-card purchases for that semester-nearly 14,000 receipts(收据)for almost 500 students. “It’s an awesome data set,” says Nina Strohminger, a psychologist who teaches business ethics and was not involved in the study.
For students who discussed meat ethics, meal purchases containing meat decreased from 52 to 45 percent-and this effect held steady for the study’s duration of several weeks. Purchases from the other group remained at 52 percent.
“That’s actually a pretty large effect for a pretty small intervention,” Eric says. Strohminger agrees, “The thing that still blows my mind is that just one ethics lesson should have such an obvious effect.”
Eric believes the greatest impact came from classmates or teaching assistants leading the discussions. Second, the video may have had an emotional impact. Least influential, he thinks was argument. Now the researchers are investigating the specific effects of teaching style teachers’ eating habits and students’ video exposure.
【小题1】How did the researchers carry out the study?A.By making a comparison. | B.By introducing a concept. |
C.By presenting an argument. | D.By referring to another study. |
A.Annoys me. | B.Surprises me. | C.Bothers me. | D.Frightens me. |
A.Argument. | B.Teaching style. | C.Teaching assistants. | D.The video exposure. |
A.To improve students’ lifestyles. |
B.To call on students to eat less meat. |
C.To encourage students to take ethics lessons. |
D.To tell the effects of ethics lessons on behavior. |
With obesity rats on the rise among Americans and their pets, two California women have come up with an all-in-one solution — a foggy boot camp where dog owners and their dogs work out together. Thank Dog Boot camp is the nation's first outdoor fitness program where both humans and dogs get a full-body workout while the dogs also learn basic skills. Founded two years ago by twins Jill and Jamie Bowers, the program has grown to include classes at various Los Angeles and Orange County locations and most recently in Northern California.
Classes begin as early as 6 a.m. With instructors yelling out commands in the traditional boot camp style. The difference here is that instructors are certified in both fitness and dog training, and each boot camper happens to have a four-legged partner by their side at all times.“People need to exercise, and dogs need to be trained and exercised,” said Jill Bowers.
The class takes place on a field in a public park with 30 minutes of running and 30 minutes of weight training. Each person has a mat. Their dogs have their own mats and water bowls beside their owner. Various squats, bends, jumps and dashes are combined for the humans. Meanwhile, dogs are told to engage in a series of numbered commands ranging from “sit” to “go” “to” “come”.
“A lack of exercise and training causes logs to have behavioral problem.” said Bowers. “If they don't have enough activities to exhaust their energy, they take it out on your favorite sofa of your designer shoes. With the boot camp, your dog is too tired to be bad.”
Attorney Taylor joined six months ago. “My dog always gets me out of bed,” said Taylor. “It's so used to going now that it's the one making sure I'm up and go out of the door. I've lost 15 pounds and have gained much confidence.”
【小题1】What's the purpose of the Thank Dog Boot camp?A.To show more concern for pet dogs. |
B.To make boot campers and their dogs take exercises together to lose weight. |
C.To improve the relationships between humans and their pets. |
D.To call on Americans and dogs to participate in camping. |
A.are companions with a dog by their side at all times |
B.are particularly strict with the dogs |
C.are soldiers who come from the army |
D.are experts on both fitness and training dogs |
A.eat too much |
B.have mental problems |
C.destroy things |
D.run away from home |
A.Americans have too many pets |
B.the dog boot camp is free of charge |
C.the dog boot camp also welcomes people without dogs |
D.boot campers and their dogs can urge each other to take exercise |
KONICHIWA, Japanese!
Join us if you are interested to learn how to speak basic Japanese in three weeks’ time.
Intensive lessons: Date:05 November to 15 December 2010 Day: Twice a week (Tuesday and Thursday) Time: 7:30p.m. to 9p.m. Programme fee:$350 per person *Programme fee does not include other material cost Venue: Jelulu Community Centre Trainer: Mr. Okada and Ms Tanaka from International Japanese School (former lecturer at National University of Japan) |
Promotion period: 01 to 30 October 2010
Free registration to JLPT (Japanese Language Proficiency Test)
No age limit.
You will need to purchase a Japanese dictionary, a conversation textbook and a written exercise practice book at a special price of $115.
If interested, please contact Alice Ong at 6123 4567 or visit our website at www://http. jelulucc.com.cn/jap.
You may also collect a registration form from any nearby Shop &Spend Supermarket.
【小题1】To enjoy free registration to JIPT, one must sign up on ________.A.15 August 2010 | B.15 September 2010 |
C.15 October 2010 | D.15 December 2010 |
A.$115 | B.$235 | C.$350 | D.$465 |
A.visit the website www://http. jelulucc.com.cn/jap. |
B.visit International Japanese School |
C.contact Mr Okada or Ms Tanaka |
D.purchase a registration form from Shop & Spend Supermarket |
Choosing a university or college
With over 160 universities to choose from in the UK, and limitless courses and study options on offer, you can make your UK university experience as unique as you are.
Understanding rankings
Higher education institutions are ranked each year by a variety of organisations. The QS World University Rankings, for example, focus heavily on research and reputation, but don’t include the quality of teaching or students’ views. The World University Rankings and the Complete University Guide focus more on research strengths and student satisfaction. The People and Planet University League even ranks UK universities on their environmental and ethical performance.
How to apply—undergraduate (本科)
1. Registering with UCAS
First, go to the Universities and Colleges Admissions Service (UCAS) website where you can fill in your application form.
Then write your personal statement. This is your chance to stand out from the crowd by explaining why you are interested in the course, the skills you have that make you suitable, and your life experiences and achievements.
Application deadlines
There are four application deadlines throughout the year:
October—for courses at the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge, or for most courses in medicine
15 January—“on time” deadline for most undergraduate courses
March—for some art and design courses
30 June—late deadline for most undergraduate courses. While you will be able to apply after the January deadline right up until 30 June, it is better to apply early.
2. Receiving an offer
UCAS will contact you with any offers from your chosen universities or colleges. If your offer is “unconditional”, you can relax. Some offers are conditional-usually this means you need to achieve certain results in your current studies or in English language tests.
【小题1】Which would be the best choice if you want to know a university’s overall influence in the world?A.The QS World University Rankings. | B.The World University Rankings. |
C.The Complete University Guide. | D.The People and Planet University League. |
A.Previous stories. | B.Future expectations. |
C.Hobbies and interests. | D.Qualifications and strengths. |
A.In October. | B.Before 15 January. |
C.In March. | D.Before 30 June. |
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