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Global warming does more than just kill plant species — it also changes the way plants grow. Researchers at Martin Luther University Halle — Wittenberg(MLU) joined forces with the Leibniz Institute for Plant Biochemistry(IPB) to discover the molecular (分子) process of plant growth. In Current Biology, a scientific journal, they presented their findings on high-temperature plant growth. This could lead to developing plants that can survive global warming.

Plants react to even small temperature changes, but they are unable to move to new locations. “When temperatures rise, plants grow taller ... to cool themselves off. Their stems become taller, and their leaves become narrower and grow farther apart. Yet, this makes the plant more unstable overall,” explains Professor Marcel Quint, an agricultural scientist at MLU. Unstable plants bend faster in the rain and produce less food that’s also less nutritious.

There’s still lots to learn about plant reactions to temperatures. “We are just starting to understand how plants feel the changes in temperature ...,” Quint says. Earlier studies have shown that the protein (蛋白质) PIF4 directly controls plant growth and is also dependent on temperature. When it’s cold, PIF4 is less active, meaning the plant doesn’t grow. At higher temperatures, PIF4 activates growth-promoting genes, and the plant grows taller. This is new information, says Quint.

To understand it, they studied the growth of thale cress (拟南芥) seedlings. Normally, its seedlings form short stems at 20℃. These stems become much longer at 28℃. They discovered a hormone (荷尔蒙) that activates the PIF4 at high temperatures, thus producing the protein.

The findings may help to develop plants that remain stable even at high temperatures and produce many crops.

【小题1】Why did the researchers at MLU and IPB conduct their research?
A.To study the negative effects of global warming.
B.To find out how plants help reduce global warming.
C.To observe how global warming affects plant growth.
D.To understand the ways that plants cause global warming.
【小题2】What can we learn from Paragraph 2?
A.Low temperatures have little impact on plants.
B.Plants prefer dry weather to rainy weather.
C.Plants are very sensitive to change in soil.
D.High temperatures reduce crop production.
【小题3】What do we know about PIF4?
A.It mainly exists in thale cress seedlings.
B.It works differently at different temperatures.
C.It is a kind of gene that controls plant growth.
D.It is a plant hormone that works at high temperatures.
【小题4】Who will probably benefit most from the findings?
A.Farmers.B.Teachers.
C.Researchers.          D.Environmentalists.
21-22高二上·吉林·期末
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Wild animals play an important role in the nature. Do you know how to protect them properly? A wild baby bison (野牛) at Yellowstone National Park had to be killed because of tourists.

The tourists thought that the baby bison looked cold. They put it in their car and drove to a park ranger (管理员) station.

A ranger described the action of the tourists as a “dangerous move” because adult bison can look after their babies very well and they will attack to protect their young.

Park rangers took the animal from the car and set it free. But, sadly, the baby was refused by its family because it had the smell from humans.

Yellowstone National Park explained on Facebook that the smell from people can cause parent animals to refuse to accept their young. The park tried again and again to make the baby bison lives with its parents. After several times they had to give up.

Many people expressed anger at both the tourists and the park.

The park said that they did not have the ability to care for a young bison. They also said that it is “not the task of the park to save animals”.

The tourists were penalized $ 110 for touching park -wildlife. Park rules say that visitors to Yellowstone should stay at least 22 meters away from all wildlife, and at least 90 meters away from bears and wolves.

One ranger said that Yellowstone recently added many safety signs that say staying near the wildlife there is dangerous to humans and animals as well. Those signs are written in English and other languages.

【小题1】The tourists took the baby bison to a park ranger station because they thought it looked ________.
A.sadB.hungryC.happyD.cold
【小题2】The park ranger described the action of the tourists as a “dangerous move” because ________.
A.adult bison would attack the tourist
B.the tourists drove in a wrong way
C.adult bison couldn't look after their baby well
D.the tourists would throw away the sick bison
【小题3】What does the underlined word “penalized” mean in Paragraph 8?
A.Reminded.B.Praised.C.Fined.D.Reviewed.
【小题4】What’s the best title of this passage?
A.Keep Away From Any Animals
B.Care About Wild Animals in a Right Way
C.Save a Bison in the Park
D.Write Safely Signs in Different Languages

Easter(复活节) is still a great day for worship, candy in baskets and running around the yard finding eggs, but every year it gets quite a bit worse for bunnies.

And no, not because the kids like to pull their ears. The culprit is climate change, and some researchers found that rising temperatures are having harmful effects on at least five species of rabbit in the US.

Take the Lower Keys Marsh rabbit, for instance. An endangered species that lives in the Lower Florida Keys, this species of cottontail is a great swimmer — it lives on the islands’ - but it is already severely affected by development and now by rising sea levels. According to the Center for Biological Diversity, an ocean level rise of only 0.6 meters will send these guys jumping to higher ground and a 0.9-meter rise would wipe out theirhabitat(栖息地) completely.

The snowshoe hare, on the other hand, has a color issue. Most of these rabbits change their for color from white in the wintertime to brown in the summer, each designed to give them better cover from predators(捕食者). As the number of days with snow decreases all across the country, however, more and more bunnies are being left in white fur during brown dirt days of both fall and spring, making them an easier mark for predators. Researchers know that the color change is controlled by the number of hours of sunlight, but whether the rabbit will be able to adapt quick enough to survive is a big question. The National Wildlife Federation has reported that hunters have noticed their numbers are already markedly down.

American pikas or rock rabbits, a relative of rabbits and hares, might be the first of these species to go extinct due to climate change. About 7-8 inches long, pikas live high in the cool, damp mountains west of the Rocky Mountains. As global temperatures rise, they would naturally(迁徙) to higher ground — but they already occupy the mountaintops. They can’t go any higher. The National Wildlife Federation reports that they might not be able to stand the new temperatures as their habitat heats up.

The volcano rabbit has the same problem. These rabbits live on the slopes of volcanoes in Mexico, and recent studies have shown that the lower range of their habitat has already shifted upward about 700 meters, but there are not suitable plants for them to move higher, so they are stuck in the middle. Scientists are concerned about their populations.

All of this gives new meaning to dressing up in a giant bunny costume this Easter.

【小题1】The writer mentions Easter at the beginning of the passage in order to ________.
A.show the importance of Easter Day
B.introduce the issue about bunnies
C.remind people of Easter traditions
D.discuss the relationship between Easter and bunnies.
【小题2】The word “culprit” (Paragraph 2) is closest in meaning to ________.
A.criminalB.judge
C.victimD.producer
【小题3】According to the passage, some rabbits can now be easily discovered by predators because they ________.
A.are exposed to more skillful hunters
B.have moved to habitats with fewer plants
C.haven’t adapted themselves to climate change
D.can’t change their fur color into white in the fall and the spring.
【小题4】Which best describes the writer’s tone in the passage?
A.Approving.B.Concerned.
C.Enthusiastic.D.Doubtful.

Many people are not aware the most healing herbs make up today’s modern medicine. The healing herbs from ancient days are still the healing herbs of modern times. Throughout all of these years herbs have remained unchanged; their quality remain as strong as ancient man and animals found it to be thousands of years ago. What has changed is the way man uses these healing herbs together with modern medicine of today.

Ancient man knew about the many benefits of healing herbs and passed on their knowledge form generation to generation. Today modern man continues to benefit from the wisdom ages ago. Actually, herbs can be any plant, flower, tree or shrub(灌木) that heals the body. According to early writings, man first noticed that when an animal was ill it would bite into specific plants, otherwise the animal will leave them alone.

Observing animal behaviors is still done today. Ten years ago, researchers at the Gombe Stream National Park in Tanzania, noticed chimpanzees(黑猩猩) that were ill were eating Aspirin leaves. Researchers found that Aspirin leaves contained a kind of antibiotic(抗生素). These chimpanzees no doubt knew this plant would help heal their disease.

Most plant life has a pleasant smell. The writings of ancient man note that people rubbed these sweet plants on their bodies to keep insects away.

Some herbs mask the smell of smelly meat. The Egyptians used a variety of herbs to preserve their dead.

In conclusion, ancient herbs had a variety of purposes, and for thousands of years were used for the preservation of our foods, and to heal our bodies. Herbs can continue to play an important part in our lives if we open our minds to their importance and usefulness. In my opinion, it is always better to treat naturally with herbs, than to treat illnesses with man-made medicines. There are few if any side effects to taking herbs.

【小题1】The example of chimpanzees is used to suggest ________.
A.chimpanzees are clever animals
B.man began studying herbs long ago
C.Aspirin leave can cure many diseases
D.animals helped man discover healing herbs
【小题2】According to the text, the Egyptians used herbs ________.
A.to keep off insectsB.at the burial service
C.to feed their animalsD.for the preservation of foods.
【小题3】Which of the following about healing herbs isn’t introduced in the text?
A.How people knew about healing herbs.
B.The benefits of healing herbs.
C.Side effect of healing herbs.
D.How ancient people use healing herbs in life.
【小题4】What is the author’s attitude towards healing herbs?
A.He thinks highly of them.B.He refuses to accept them.
C.He thinks they’re ineffective.D.He thinks they have side effects.

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