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Robotic surgery is one thing, but sending a robot inside the body to carry out an operation is quite another, which has long been a goal of some researchers to produce tiny robotic devices being capable of traveling through the body to deliver drugs or to make repairs without the need for a single cut, the possibility of which has just got a bit closer.

However, unlike the plot of one film—which featured a microscopic crew and submarine traveling through a scientist's bloodstream—this device could not be put into blood vessels because it is too big. While other types of miniature swallow able robots have been developed in the past, their role has mostly been limited to capturing images inside the body. In a presentation this week to the International Conference, Daniela Rus and Shuhei Miyashita of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology described a robot they have developed that can be swallowed and used to collect dangerous objects accidentally taken in.

To test their latest version, Dr. Rus and Dr. Miyashita designed a robot as a battery hunter, which might seem to be an odd task, but more than 3,500 people in America alone, most of them children, swallow the tiny button cells used in small electronic devices by accident every year. To start with, the researchers created an artificial esophagus (食道) and stomach made out of silicone. It was closely modeled on that found in a pig and filled with medical liquid; the robot itself is made from several layers of different materials, including pig intestine (肠),and contains a little magnet. This is folded up and wrapped in a 10mmx27mm capsule of ice. Once this reaches the stomach, the ice melts and the robot unfolds which is moved and guided with the 1se of a magnetic field outside the body. In their tests, the robot was able to touch a button battery and draw it with its own magnet, and during dragging it along, the robot could then be directed towards the intestines where it would eventually be gotten rid of through the anus (肛门). After it, the researchers sent in another robot loaded with medication to deliver it to the site of the battery bum to speed up healing.

The artificial stomach being transparent (透明的) on one side, the researchers can see the batteries and visually control the robots. If not, that will require help with the help from imaging system, which will be a bit more of a challenge, but Dr. Rus and Dr. Miyashita are determined to succeed.

【小题1】According to the passage, the robot operation will probably be able to ________.
A.travel through a scientist's bloodstreamB.photograph the body to convey to the doctor
C.enter the body to deliver drugs or make repairsD.operate on a person outside the body completely
【小题2】We learn from Paragraph 3 that ________.
A.the researchers did the experiment on a chosen animal
B.the robot took necessary drugs besides a little magnet
C.digesting the swallowed batteries is difficult for children
D.the actual size of the robot may be larger than the capsule of ice
【小题3】What may the experiment mean to the medical world?
A.The surgeries will cost patients. much money.B.Patients will suffer less for some surgeries.
C.Fewer children will swallow the button cells.D.A robot will be invented traveling blood vessels.
【小题4】Which can be the most suitable title for the passage?
A.An Experiment on RobotB.Tiny Robot, Significant Role
C.The Fantastic Robotic VoyageD.The Exploration of Robot Technology
17-18高三下·山东淄博·阶段练习
知识点:医疗 科学技术 说明文语意转化逻辑推理标题判断 答案解析 【答案】很抱歉,登录后才可免费查看答案和解析!
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About five days ago, my back started tightening in the middle region. A couple of days ago, I was trapped in my bed, unable to move. 【小题1】 So here I was, determined to make an appointment at an Eastern medicine school for my first experience getting acupuncture.

It was a wonderful experience. The room looked no different from a Western medicine examination room. 【小题2】 However, it differed from Western medicine in the way they sought to treat me.

【小题3】 I was asked about things in my entire life, from my sleep patterns to my physical processes, to current life stressors. Then the medical student discussed a plan with the doctor. They came back, asked me to lie on my stomach, and started placing the needles. The needles didn’t hurt. I could barely feel their presence.

After they placed the needles, the doctor asked me how I felt. I told her I couldn’t feel any pain.【小题4】 So they left me in the room with a heat lamp for about twenty minutes. This “baking” time was amazing. It was subtle, but strong. 【小题5】 When the appointment was over, I felt super relaxed, almost drunk. I would highly recommend this treatment option for anybody who thinks they may benefit.

A.The mysterious ancient healing art of acupuncture was amazing.
B.Chinese medicine tend to regard the patient’s symptoms as a whole.
C.I hated the looks from my doctor for symptoms that Western technology can’t handle perfectly.
D.I felt like I was in an altered state of relaxation, a different dimension, even.
E.The doctor told me to be patient and wait for the needles to take effect.
F.I sat down and discussed my symptoms with the medical student.
G.This actually indicated that I was responding well to the treatment.

Patients in the early stages of Alzheimer’s disease often struggle to remember recently learned information, meaning they forget things like important appointments or where they left their keys. But it seems that these memories are not lost. They are still filed away in the brain somewhere; they just can’t be easily accessed.

Now, researchers at MIT have developed a means of getting back memories in mice suffering from Alzheimer’s. The method relies on a technique that uses light to control genetically modified neurons (转基因神经元). Currently it is too early to be used in human trials as it involves inserting light emitting (发光) equipment into the subjects’ brains, but the same principles still apply, the researchers said.

“The important point is that this is evidence of concept. That is, even if a memory seems to be gone, it is still there. It’s a matter of how to get it back, ” said senior researcher Susumu Tonegawa.

The team took two groups of mice, one genetically engineered to develop Alzheimer’s and one healthy. They then placed them into a room and gave them a mild electric shock. All of the mice showed fear when put back in an hour later. When placed in the room a third time several days later, the Alzheimer’s mice acted normally. They had forgotten the shock.

The researchers were then able to bring back the memory of the shock by activating (激活) the cells in which the memories were stored. Even when the mice were put into an unfamiliar room, they showed fear when the cells associated with the shock were activated.

“Short­term memory seems to be normal. But for long­term memory, these early Alzheimer’s mice seem to be damaged, ” said lead researcher Dheeraj Roy. “Or rather, there is indeed an access problem to the information.”

【小题1】What can we learn about the researchers at MIT?
A.They are the pioneers of brain research.
B.They have used the method in human trials.
C.They can cure Alzheimer’s using the new method.
D.They can get back memories in mice with Alzheimer’s.
【小题2】What do we know about the long­term memory of the early Alzheimer’s mice?
A.They can transform their brain cells.
B.They can’t learn new tricks well.
C.They can easily get back their memory.
D.They can’t access the information stored.
【小题3】How did the researchers conduct their experiment firstly by testing the mice?
A.By dividing the mice into different groups.
B.By giving them a mild electric shock.
C.By studying their fear when placing into a room.
D.By analyzing their memories.
【小题4】What is the main purpose of the text?
A.To introduce a method of a research.
B.To report the latest discovery about a disease.
C.To give advice on how to improve memory.
D.To explain how the brain stores information.
阅读下面的短文和问题,根据短文内容,在相应题号后的横线上写下相关信息,完成对该问题的回答。答语要意思清楚,结构正确,书写工整。

At the start of nearly every doctor's visit, chances are that you will be asked to get your weight measured for that day's exam record - and you would be hard-pressed to find a person whose physician has not brought up his or her weight at some point, and doctors' recommendations to drop pounds are still extremely common. But many conversations around weight have become a barrier, not a help, in the campaign to make people healthier.

Higher body masses are associated with increased risk for hypertension, diabetes and coronary disease. Many studies have shown that heavier people are at higher risk for these illnesses. But the big picture is not the whole picture. Researchers have identified a smaller group of overweight people considered to be ''metabolically (新陈代谢地) healthy'' - meaning they do not exhibit high blood pressure or other diseases.

Research over the past two decades has shown that health professionals have negative attitudes toward fat people. Some refuse to see these patients at all, as the South Florida Sun Sentinel reported in 2011. Such practices keep people from regular annual exams and prevent the finding of serious underlying conditions. Not only that but doctors' appointments with fat patients are shorter on average, and they routinely use negative words in their medical histories of such people. And research suggests that the stress of being a heavy person may cause metabolic changes that may lead to more poor health outcomes.

To achieve better health outcomes, doctors should focus on behaviors that have proven positive outcomes for health instead of the weight-centric health care practice. And people of all sizes are entitled to evidence-based factors that empower them and keep them healthy. Lifestyle changes, such as eating fruits, vegetables and whole grains, along with increased physical activity, can improve blood pressure, levels and sensitivity - often independently of changes in body weight.

【小题1】What will you be asked to do when visiting a doctor for the first time? (不多于4个单词)
__________________
【小题2】Why does the stress of being a heavy person may lead to more poor health outcomes? (不多于6个单词)
__________________
【小题3】What are doctors expected to do to achieve better health outcomes? (不多于10个单词)
__________________
【小题4】What is the passage mainly about? (不多于4个单词)
__________________

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