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Nowadays, more and more people are unable to sleep due to various reasons. What will you do if you have trouble going to sleep? Try a glass of warm milk, still no luck? Try counting sheep,   "One, two, three" It is late but you are still awake. Are you supposed to take a sleeping pill? No, because if you take it, you will probably depend on the drugs. So you lie awake all night hoping that the new workday will arrive soon.

A new study has found that you might fall asleep quicker and stay asleep longer if you try "cerebral(大脑的)hypothermia(低体温症)." No, cerebral hypothermia is not a complex medical process. It just means cooling down your brain. Eric Nofzinger and Daniel Buysse of the University of Pittsburgh Medical School led the study. They examined 12 people who had insomnia. Twelve others had no sleep problems. Each of them wore a soft plastic cap on their heads at bed time, which had tubes inside filled with water. The first two nights of testing, the patients wore no water caps. During the next two nights, the caps were worn, but the water was not cooled. Then the researchers cooled the water a little for two nights. On the final two nights of the study, the temperature of the water was made much cooler.

The researchers found that the water caps did not help the insomnia patients until the temperature was about 14CC.Most of the patients fell asleep faster and slept better when the coolest water was moving around their heads.

Dr. Nofzinger and Dr. Buysse noted that this was only the beginning of the brain temperature study. But they believe they have discovered something important that needs more research. They presented their test results in June at a meeting of the Associated Professional Sleep Societies in Minneapolis, Minnesota.

【小题1】The underlined word "insomnia" in Paragraph 2 probably means       .
A.carelessnessB.sleeplessness
C.lonelinessD.sleepiness
【小题2】What do we know about the study?
A.Half of the people studied had trouble in sleeping.
B.The researchers wore the cap every night.
C.The caps were made of cloth.
D.The study lasted six nights.
【小题3】Dr. Nofzinger and Dr. Buysse agreed that        .
A.people can sleep better by wearing caps
B.the water caps worked if the water was frozen
C.more research should be done
D.the researchers finished the study in June
【小题4】What is the main idea of the passage?
A.Cooling the brain may help people sleep.B.A new study about how to fall asleep quicker.
C.Water helps people get up easily.D.Many people can't sleep well at night.
20-21高三上·内蒙古·阶段练习
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In the networked world, it's very difficult to talk to Chinese people without using emojis(表情符号). However, did you know that people in different age groups have totally different preferences for choosing their emojis? The result is based on a report released by Tencent's WeChat, on its official weibo account on Wednesday.

According to the report, for users who were born in the 2000s, their favorite WeChat emoji would probably be the widely used “facepalm”. 【小题1】They also may be a night owl without much sleep, while iced beverages and desserts are their cup of tea.

For China's post-90s WeChat users, 【小题2】, and the emoji “face with tears of joy” may rule their online social life. Also, their reading materials have changed from entertainment and gossip to the current relationship and lifestyle pieces.

And if you were born in the 1980s, your tastes have remained the same. 【小题3】 And “grin” is your emoji of the year.

【小题4】They like to use the emoji “chuckle(咯咯笑)” and go through their moments frequently every day.

Users over 55 are the early-bird group with rich entertainment activities in WeChat, such as looking through moments, reading and shopping. 【小题5】

Since the release of the report, some online users believe that their chat data has been used for big-data analysis. But others are asking where they can attain their own personalized WeChat usage reports.

A.WeChat is China's most popular messaging app.
B.You are still fond of reading news on national affairs.
C.They like to cheer up others, so their favorite emoji is “giving a thumbs-up”.
D.they are likely to get up later in the morning compared with other groups
E.It is well known that most people tend to use emojis when chatting.
F.It’s said that the “facepalm” emoji is based on the famous movie star Stephen Chow.
G.WeChat users born in the 1970s are called the optimistic group.

First impressions are important, but are first impressions correct? Personally, I’m not so sure, and according to new research, neither is science.

You really shouldn’t judge a book by its cover, but I certainly have, and I’m willing to bet (打赌) you’ve done it, too. Consider this, though: If I’d let my opinion on, say, the boring cover of John Steinbeck’s The Grapes of Wrath stop me from reading this great novel, I would have missed out on one of my favorite books to date. First impressions are important because they can influence you one way or another, but they shouldn’t be the be-all and end-all of your opinion on someone.

According to Jonathan Freeman, a professor at New York University, first impressions are collected within only a few hundred milliseconds and are often based on the person’s facial appearance.

“First impressions of faces can influence how we make decisions about people,” Freeman explained in a statement. Therefore, in order to put an end to such first impressions, you have to understand where your first assuṃptions (假设) come from. In order to do this, a team of researchers in Switzerland performed two experiments: The first required participants to judge the personalities of dozens of people only based on photos they were shown online. For example, in this part of the study, researchers took note of how participants related personality features like friendliness with various appearances. The second experiment explored what kind of facial features were connected with exact personality features. For example, someone who has a round face with “babyish features” might be considered as friendlier or more harmless than someone who isn’t smiley in their photo.

The results showed that first impressions often aren’t all right. Look, it’s really unfortunate that first impressions aren’t always right. Still, these first impressions happen regardless of whether or not they’re right, so the best thing you can do is try to put your best foot forward without, of course, giving up your authenticity (真实性); you are exactly who you were meant to be, and all you can do is be the best person you can.

【小题1】What does the author want to show by mentioning John Steinbeck’s novel?
A.First impressions are influential.B.The cover of a book is unnecessary.
C.We shouldn’t judge a book by its cover.D.Few people tend to make judgments at first-sight.
【小题2】What can we learn from Jonathan Freeman?
A.First impressions are difficult to change.
B.How a person looks influences his first impression.
C.It takes some time to form the first impression.
D.First impressions are influenced by many factors.
【小题3】What were the participants asked to do in the first experiment?
A.Choose photos they like.B.Relate personalities with photos.
C.Show their opinions of smiley faces.D.Talk about their impressions of other participants.
【小题4】Which of the following is a finding of the research?
A.People find it hard to make a good impression.B.Faces show personality features correctly.
C.First impressions are not always reliable.D.One’s facial appearance is really important.
【小题5】What’s the author’s advice according to the text?
A.Don’t be too realistic.B.Try to be your best self.
C.Don’t be judgmental.D.Disregard others’suggestions.

Sleep repairs the body and the mind and helps prevent disease by strengthening the immune system. However, many adults do not get eight hours of sleep each night. The average adult today gets only 6.4 hours of sleep. Only in recent years have health professionals begun to realize the seriousness of sleep deprivation in the working population. A significant number of people work at night, work long hours, or suffer from sleeplessness or jet lag.

Studies show that the brain is negatively affected by sleep deprivation because certain patterns of electrical and chemical activity that occur during sleep are interrupted and the brain cannot function normally. In one study, thirteen healthy adult subjects(实验对象) who usually had normal sleep patterns were kept awake and carefully monitored in a lab during a period of 35 hours. During the experiment, the subjects were asked to perform several tasks, such as mathematics and word problems, while undergoing scans of their brain activity. The researchers found that the temporal lobe (颞叶) of the brain, the region involved in language processing, was active during speech tasks in rested subjects but not in subjects who lacked enough sleep. After several hours without sleep, there was no activity within this region.

Several studies show that getting fewer than six hours of sleep can damage short-term memory and reaction time—thus causing a serious risk of accident. In one study of drivers, researchers reported that sleep deprivation had the same effects as being drunk. They found that people who drove after being awake for 17 hours performed worse than those with a blood alcohol level of 0.5 percent, the legal limit for drunk driving in most western European countries. The researchers concluded that countries with drunk driving laws should consider similar restrictions against sleep-deprived driving.

【小题1】The underlined word "deprivation" in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to_______.
A.weakness
B.loss
C.discomfort
D.pain
【小题2】The passage mentions all of the following as causes of sleep deprivation EXCEPT______.
A.jet lag
B.long work hours
C.boring work
D.working at night
【小题3】The purpose of the study described in Paragraph 2 was to determine_________.
A.how many hours people can survive without sleep
B.how people react when their sleep is interrupted
C.the changes in brain activity that occurs during sleep
D.the effects of sleep deprivation on brain activity
【小题4】Why does the author mention blood alcohol level in Paragraph 3?
A.To show how sleep deprivation reduces the blood alcohol level.
B.To show that sleep deprivation has the same dangerous effects as being drunk.
C.To suggest that sleep-deprived drivers are also likely to drink.
D.To argue against raising the legal limit for drunk driving.

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