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It has been four years since the Flashfood App was set to hit Canadian grocery stores and make it easier for shoppers to buy soon-to-expiry (保质期) food at a discount. Much to my delight, I heard it advertised recently on a radio station and figured it’s time for an update, especially since people became more aware of food waste’s role in the climate crisis.

The first thing I did was download the App. I hadn’t done it before because it was limited to a few locations, but now it’s all over Canada. I could see immediately that many brands of yogurt are all marked down 50 percent. Users pay for the food using the App, and then pick it up at a marked location in the store. There is no need for you to worry about them actually being bad.

It makes sense for retailers to get behind this App because it offers a win-win situation for everyone involved. Flashfood sells 75% of the products made available through its App while saving consumers an average of 50% on those grocery items, and it has 300 000 active users right now. That number is expected to grow naturally as Flashfood partners with more grocers.

“As a food retailer, we are in the business of providing food, not wasting it. The Flashfood program allows us to provide our customers with a convenient and environmentally sustainable (可持续的) way to purchase food. Loblaw sells 77% of the items it puts on Flashfood, moving an average of $800 to $1000 worth of goods weekly at each of its largest stores,” said Gord Chem, senior VP with Loblaw’s Real Canadian Superstores.

I love looking for discount deals at the grocery store and always keep an eye out for the hot pink clearance stickers. But it’s always random, and I never know what I’m going to get from week to week. The appeal of Flashfood is that I can see what’s available, pre-purchase it, and leave it off my shopping list.

【小题1】What can we know about the food on the Flashfood?
A.It’s delivered directly to the customers.B.Users can pay for it in the marked store.
C.Much of it is charged at half the price.D.It’ll be a month away before it goes bad.
【小题2】According to Gord Chem, the Flashfood is ________.
A.reliableB.doubtfulC.creativeD.beneficial
【小题3】How is the advantage of Flashfood introduced in the last paragraph?
A.By making a comparison.B.By listing some examples.
C.By explaining the cause.D.By introducing the result.
【小题4】What is the main idea of the text?
A.Customers can buy much cheaper food on a recent app.
B.Canadians have a smart approach to reducing food waste.
C.A win-win situation has been set for Canadians involved.
D.Canadians adopt a new way of protecting the environment.
20-21高三上·湖北襄阳·期中
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We might like to think we're not influenced by other people, but a new study into the group-buying mechanisms(机制) - like those used on coupon(优惠券) sites such as Groupon and LivingSocial - reveals that telling buyers who come later to the offer how many have already signed up increases the number of purchasers.
Researchers at the University of Toronto's Rotman School of Management wanted to understand why group buying sites that have entered the market recently have enjoyed greater success than those operating a decade ago, such as Mercata and MobShop.
Earlier attempts typically left potential buyers waiting for days before confirming whether or not they had got the offer they had signed up for.
“We think one of the reasons group-buying has been successful recently is because of the short time horizon,” says Rotman Professor Ming Hu, who co-wrote the study with Professor Mengze Shi and PhD student Jiahua Wu. “It allows for a herding effect.”
Another reason is the use of an information structure that discloses to later arrivals how many have already signed onto the deal.
Researchers looked at two ways of designing the purchasing mechanism for a group buy:a simultaneous mechanism, where no one knows how many buyers have come before them, and asequential(连续的) mechanism, where a second group of buyers has the advantage of knowing the size of the first group.
The researchers' analytical(分析的) model shows the most successful mechanism is the sequential one because it_____ uncertainty for those coming later to the deal, and improves the confidence of those who sign on early, as they're able to track the numbers of those who come after them.
“That boosts confidence,” says Professor Hu, who teaches operations management. Deals for "luxury" services, versus everyday items, work better in a group buy scenario(方案) because they offer consumers a greater benefit.
【小题1】It can be learned from the text that ______.
A.the short time horizon is the reason why group-buying has been successful.
B.a simultaneous mechanism is where a group of buyers has the advantage of knowing how many people have signed up.
C.a sequential mechanism allows a herding effect which boosts the confidence of the buyers.
D.researchers at the University of Toronto's Rotman School of Management carried out an experiment about why group buying sites entered the market successfully, such as Mercata and MobShop.
【小题2】The underlined word “eliminates” in paragraph 7 probably means“______”.
A.to become or to make something greater in amount, number, value
B.to remove or get rid of something
C.to deliberately not include something in what you are doing or considering
D.to make something known to somebody
【小题3】What can be the best title for the passage?
A.Secret for marketing success – boosting confidence.
B.Secret for group-buying mechanism—herding effect.
C.Comparison between a simultaneous mechanism and a sequential mechanism.
D.What others do influences our decisions.

There is no doubt e-commerce is growing, and it will continue to grow. However, physical stores would not die as a result of the rise of e-commerce, at least not in the near future. The idea that e-commerce is taking over physical stores has already misguided many people. Physical stores are far from vanishing (消逝), and there are some solid reasons for it.

The projections for online spending is optimistic with 150 billion expected to be spent in the coming three years, yet we are also expecting 300 billion in spending at physical stores in the same duration. Do you still think that physical-store shopping is too small to sustain (支撑) the e-commerce blow?

Even though consumers are staying away from physical stores that follow older concepts, yet we are seeing the rise of fresh concept stores all around the US. We are seeing innovative and attractive success stories of physical stores, ranging from clothes stores to restaurants to health spas. It would be easy to assume that this trend will continue.

Indeed, many shopping malls are dying, yet there are still some shopping centers that are performing well. You can see this for yourself by visiting shopping malls near you. What I want to emphasize here is that not all shopping centers are made equal, just like not all e-commerce retailers (零售商) are made equal. Both shopping malls and e-commerce sites can lose business if they fail to maintain productivity through improvements and innovations. When you visit shopping centers that are serious about their business, you would see their shops and parking lots packed.

On the other hand, even e-tailers like Amazon have experimented with pop-up shopping concepts. It is important to bear in mind that consumers prefer face-to-face interactions instead of online interactions during shopping, meaning that physical stores are going to stay there.

Still, e-commerce retailers are seeing all of their excitement disappear as they settle the sales tax problem associated with e-tailing. As of now, five states of America have already imposed sales tax on purchases through e-commerce sites, and e-tailers in those states have already witnessed 6 to 12 percent decrease in sales.

This reinforces the fact that physical stores are here to stay, and if you are still undervaluing their growth, you are omitting (省略) a huge chunk of the retail representation.

【小题1】The underlined word “projections” in Paragraph 2 probably means “      ”.
A.predictionsB.assessments
C.performancesD.intentions
【小题2】What can we infer from the passage?
A.E-tailers are more creative businesses.
B.Fresh concepts help build good business.
C.Fewer consumers will visit physical stores.
D.Physical stores can’t stand the blow of e-commerce.
【小题3】Which of the following shows the development of the passage?
A.B.
C.D.
【小题4】What is the best title for this passage?
A.Will Physical Stores Replace E-commerce in the Near Future?
B.I s Offline Spending Greater than Online Spending?
C.Online Stores V. S. Physical Stores—What’s the Difference?
D.Does E-commerce Success Mean Physical Stores Will Disappear?

One of the biggest challenges faced by brick- and-mortar retailers(实体零售店) in recent years has been the" showrooming". Driven by the desire to get the best prices, many shoppers are now visiting stores to check on products that interest them, only to leave and then buy the items online. The new trend is forcing retailers to find out new ways to keep consumers from leaving their stores for cheaper prices online.

Smart phones have pushed showrooming into the front. Shoppers no longer have to wait until they get home to see if they can find a cheaper price for the products they're considering buying. With smart phones, consumers can now compare online prices with those of brick-and-mortar stores while still inside a retail store. If they can find what they're seeking with less money online, the majority will seek the first exit. A recent study showed that 45 percent of consumers shopping at brick-and-mortar stores walk out and make their purchase online for a discount of as little as 2. 5 percent.

This puts pressure on retailers to provide both an in-store experience worth staying and an online presence that can attract shoppers who are showrooming in other businesses.

To cut down on showrooming, many retailers are adopting new methods to keep shoppers in their stores. Among the steps they're taking are price-matching guarantees that allow shoppers to pay a discounted price if they find it cheaper online. This ensures that even a showrooming shopper can make the purchase in the store regardless of whether he finds the cheaper price online.

Another popular method of fighting against showrooming is to give shoppers the ability to buy something online and pick it up at the store. This reduces shipping costs and gets customers in the store, where they may be encouraged to make an additional purchase.

It is also important for businesses to take into consideration what makes shoppers purchase something in a store rather than online, and meet those needs. Research has found that more than 8 in 10 Americans consider the most important aspects--being able to take the goods home immediately and the ability to touch and feel them when they are deciding to purchase in a store rather than online.

【小题1】According to the passage, what does a showrooming shopper tend to do?
A.Pay for everything online.
B.Purchase online for a lower price.
C.Rush to buy things in a store.
D.Have better bargaining skills.
【小题2】What contributes to growing popularity of showrooming?
A.The advertisement by online retail giants.
B.The competition among big stores.
C.The wide use of smart phones.
D.The decline of the brick-and-mortar stores.
【小题3】What does the underlined words "seek the first exit" in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
A.Search for lower prices.
B.Make a purchase at once.
C.Locate the nearest exit quickly.
D.Leave as soon as possible.
【小题4】What do the last three paragraphs mainly talk about?
A.Ways of increasing sales at stores.
B.Ways of promoting purchase online.
C.Ways of satisfying customers needs.
D.Ways of advising shoppers to buy more.

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