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Americans use many expressions with the word dog. People in the United States love their dogs and treat them well. They take their dogs for walks, let them play outside and give them good food and medical care. However, dogs without owners to care for them lead a different kind of life. The expression, to lead a dog's life, describes a person who has an unhappy existence.

Some people say we live in a dog-eat-dog world. That means many people are competing for the same things, like good jobs. They say that to be successful, a person has to work like a dog. This means they have to work very, very hard. Such hard work can make people dog-tired. And, the situation would be even worse if they became sick as a dog.

Still, people say every dog has its day. This means that every person enjoys a successful period during his or her life, To be successful, people often have to learn new skills. Yet, some people say that you can never teach an old dog new tricks. They believe that older people do not like to learn new things and will not change the way they do things.

Some people are compared to dogs in bad ways. People who are unkind or uncaring can be described as meaner than a junkyard dog. Junkyard dogs live in places where people throw away things they do not want. Mean dogs are often used to guard this property. They bark or attack people who try to enter the property. However, sometimes a person who appears to be mean and threatening is really not so bad. We say his bark is worse than his bite.

Dog expressions also are used to describe the weather. The dog days of summer are the hottest days of the year. A rainstorm may cool the weather. But we do not want it to rain too hard. We do not want it to rain cats and dogs.

【小题1】What does the passage mainly talk about?
A.How to live with the dog.B.Expressions related to the word “dog”.
C.American’s love to the dog.D.Dog expressions with the weather.
【小题2】Working too hard can result in______.
A.leading a dog’s lifeB.becoming sick as a dog
C.living in a dog-eat-dog worldD.working like a dog
【小题3】What can we learn from the passage?
A.Everyone can be successful if he learns from the old.
B.It might be difficult for the young to learn new skills.
C.Mean dogs aren’t so awful as their appearance in fact.
D.Junkyard dogs are not careful in money arrangement.
【小题4】To support his idea, the author develop the passage mainly by______.
A.listing reasonsB.giving examplesC.making comparisonsD.using quotations
20-21高二上·黑龙江大庆·期中
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In this article, I’m going to show you certain aspects of the Chinese language and explain why they make learning the language a lot easier than you might think.

No verb conjugations (变化)

When you learn English, you need to remember how the verb changes with the subject and time. In Chinese, there are no verb inflections (词尾的屈折变化) at all. 【小题1】.

No grammatical cases

In English, we make a difference between how pronouns are used depending on if they are the subject or the object of a sentence. 【小题2】. None of that in Chinese!

Flexible parts of speech

When learning English, you need to remember different forms of the words depending on what part of speech they belong to. For example, we say “ice” (noun), “icy” (adjective) and “to ice” (verb). These look different. 【小题3】. You don’t know which one it is unless you know the context. This means that speaking and writing becomes much easier since you don’t need to remember so many different forms!

【小题4】

Word order in Chinese can be a little bit tricky, but it becomes much easier at more advanced levels. As a beginner, there are a few patterns you need to learn, and once you’ve done that, you can just fill in the words you’ve learnt and people will be able to understand. It also helps that the basic word order is the same as in English: subject—verb—object.

What all these boil down to is that learning Chinese needn’t be all that hard. Yes, reaching an advanced level takes a lot of time and effort. 【小题5】

A.Relatively easy word order
B.The same subject—verb—object order
C.In short, it is very easy to learn Chinese well
D.We say “he talks to her”, while “him talks to she” is wrong
E.In Chinese, though, these could all be represented by one single word “ice”
F.For example, you can use “look” for any person and refer to any period of time
G.But getting to basic conversational fluency is easy for anyone who really wants it

Wouldn’t it be wonderful to travel to a foreign country without having to worry about the headache of communicating in a different language?

In a recent Wall Street journal article, technology policy expert A lec Ross argued that, within a decade or so. We’ll be able to communicate with one another via small earpieces with built-in microphones. That’s because technological progress is extremely rapid. It’s only a matter of time. Indeed, some parents are so convinced that this technology is imminent that they’re wondering if their kids should even learn a second language.

It’s true that an increase in the quantity and accuracy (准确) of the data loaded into computers make them cleverer at translating “No es bueno dormir mucho” as “It’s not good to sleep too much.” Replacing a word with its equivalent (同义词) in the target language is actually the “easy part of a translator’s job”. But even this seems to be a discouraging task for computers.

It’s so difficult for computers because translation doesn’t—or shouldn’t—involve simply translating words, sentences or paragraphs. Rather, it’s about translating meaning. And in order to infer meaning from a specific expression, humans have to interpret a mass of information at the same time. Think about all the related clues that go into understanding an expression: volume, gesture, situation, and even your culture. All are likely to convey as much meaning as the words you use.

Therefore, we should doubt whether a machine is able to translate the world around us. If people from different cultures can offend each other without realizing it, how can we expect a machine to do better? Unless engineers actually find a way to breathe a soul into a computer, undoubtedly when it comes to conveying and translation meaning using a natural language, a machine will never fully take our place.

【小题1】What does the underlined word “imminent” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
A.Ready.B.Coming.C.Helpful.D.Advanced.
【小题2】Why is it hard for computers to replace a word with its equivalent (同义词)?
A.Their data is not adequate (充足的) enough.
B.The real meaning of words can change.
C.Their accuracy needs big improvement.
D.A soul hasn’t been breathed into them.
【小题3】What view does the author hold about translation?
A.Proper translation can be difficult for humans.
B.Slight difference mean little in translation.
C.Some machines will translate our world properly.
D.Cultures deserve more attention than words used.
【小题4】What is the best title for the text?
A.A new language translating machine
B.Translation will become easier
C.Who Will Be a Better Translator
D.Will Language Barrier (障碍) Actually Fall

UN Chinese Language Day is celebrated annually on April 20. The event was set up by the UN Department of Public Information in order to get equal use of all six of its official working language throughout the organization.

The first Chinese Language Day was celebrated in 2010 on the12th of November. But since 2011, the date has been the 20th of April. It’s because Chinese Guyu, which is the 6th of 24 solar terms in the traditional Chinese calendar, usually just begins around the date, April 20. Guyu is important to Chinese people. Each year they will celebrate Guyu in memory of the person: Cangjie, who was believed to create Chinese characters. There’s a story that when Cangjie created Chinese characters, it rained millet(粟);Guyu in some way means “rain of millet”.

The Chinese Language Day for 2021 is especially to help people learn about Chinese characters based on symbols. In the building of the UN in New York, three events, which were organized by an organization connected to the UN, focused on three types of Chinese characters based on symbols. The three events were, a guided tour of the Liangzhu Museum, a language class on Dongba words, and a lecture on the history of Chinese characters. The three events were held from April 19 to 21, 2021.

Chinese was allowed to be an official language of the United Nations in 1946. However, in the early years, Chinese was not commonly used in the work of the United Nations. The situation improved after the restoration (恢复) of the lawful rights of the People’s Republic of China in the United Nations in 1971. And in 1973, the General Assembly(联合国大会) included Chinese as a working language. Then more and more UN offices and work members work with the Chinese language.

【小题1】What can we learn from the first two paragraphs ?
A.Chinese traditional 24 solar terms are well accepted all over the world.
B.The UN Chinese Language Day has been celebrated for over 13 year.
C.The UN Chinese Language Day was set up to preserve the Chinese language.
D.There are five other official working languages other than Chinese in the UN.
【小题2】Why was the UN Chinese Language Day moved to April 20?
A.To show respect for one solar term.
B.To promote Chinese characters.
C.To protect various Chinese dialects.
D.To support the equal use of Chinese language.
【小题3】What can we know about the three events?
A.They focused on helping people learn Chinese characters .
B.They were held in the building of the UN for four days.
C.They paid attention to three types of Chinese characters .
D.They were all organized by the UN in New York.
【小题4】What's the last paragraph mainly about?
A.The Chinese language’s origin and evolution.
B.The Chinese language’s change in its long history.
C.The Chinese language’s growing popularity at the UN.
D.The Chinese language’s significance to Chinese people.

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