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Bears eat human food when they can get some.But in a new study, the more human food 30 female black bears ate, the less time those bears were likely to spend hibernating(冬眠).In turn,bears that hibernated less were likely to score worse in a test for aging.

The new research grew out of an earlier project to see what wild black bears across Colorado were eating, says Jonathan Pauli, a researcher from the University of Wisconsin-Madison.

Another researcher Rebecca Kirby checked diets of hundreds of bears across the state when she was a Ph.D.student. She found that hunters there were not allowed to set out bear bait(诱饵)。That means the animals' way to get human food is mostly through finding human food themselves.

When bears eat more human food, their bodies pick up higher levels of a form of carbon known as carbon-13.It comes from plants such as corn. The researcher found the telltale(报警的) form of carbon in an earlier study. They found bears in some places ate a large share of people's leftovers(剩饭).Sometimes,these leftovers could make up more than 30 percent of a bear's diets,Pauli note.

In the new study,Kirby looked at the effect of diet on hibernation. Bears usually sleep for four to six months,during which female bears give birth. Kirby and her colleagues focused on 30 female bears around Durango, Colo. These bears were watched over by the state's parks and wildlife department. The team first tested bears for carbon-13.They found the ones that ate more human-related food tended to hibernate for shorter periods.

Studies on smaller animals show that hibernation may slow the aging process. If true, shortening the seasonal sleep may have an ill effect on bears. To test it, the researchers tested for relative changes in the length of telomeres(染色体端粒)。In the new study,bears that hibernated for shorter periods tended to have telomeres that shortened more quickly than those of other bears. This suggests the animals were aging faster,the team says.

The bears didn't always meet Kirby's needs for several kinds of data, so she can't say there is a direct and "certain" connection between what bears eat and aging. So far,Kirby calls the evidence "suggestive".

【小题1】What does the new study show about bears?
A.They have much difficulty in getting food.
B.Hibernating is their best way to stay young.
C.Eating human food might cause fast aging.
D.They hibernate for shorter periods than before.
【小题2】What can be learned from Paragraphs 3-4?
A.Hunters usually use human food as bear bait.
B.Carbon-13 levels will fall if bears eat human food.
C.Bears seem to be able to find human food on their own.
D.Many bears only eat people's leftovers as their diets.
【小题3】What might cause a bear's telomeres to shorten more quickly?
A.Hibernating for enough time.
B.Being weak with hunger.
C.Eating much human food.
D.Slowing the aging process.
20-21高二上·江苏苏州·期中
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Sid is a shoplifter (商店扒手), and he always steals the same thing from the same shop in Cornwall. But Sid is no ordinary thief. He is a seagull (海鸥), who has a liking for a particular brand of crisps (油炸马铃薯片). The bird carried out his first crime a few months ago in the local shop. He walked in through the door and left with the crisps before employees could react. Since then he has become a regular, and visits the shop almost daily.

Shop assistant Jane Draper told us that she didn’t believe the seagull had been taking the crisps until she saw it with her own eyes. The seagull waits until there are no customers in the shop and the door is open. When Jane is out of sight behind the shelf the seagull walks in and steals from the shop. He always takes the same make of crisps from the shelf, goes back outside and rips the packet (小袋) open. Other birds often join him to share in the crisps.

A spokesperson from the local wildlife park said that he had never heard of birds shoplifting before. He suggested that perhaps the seagull had first tried the crisps one day in the street. When he saw the packet in the shop, the seagull must have taken advantage of the situation to go inside and steal it.

Sid was given his name by the people in the area. Some of the locals even go into the shop to pay for the crisps. Seagulls are not usually very popular with people, as they can make a lot of mess, but Jane says that Sid is different because he’s so unusual.

【小题1】Why is Sid different from a normal thief?
A.He always steals the same thing.B.He steals from the same shop.
C.He steals different crisps.D.He is an animal.
【小题2】What can we infer about Sid from Paragraph 2?
A.He waits for a suitable time to steal.
B.Other birds often steal with him.
C.No one saw him stealing.
D.He is a careless thief.
【小题3】How did the locals feel about Sid?
A.They liked him very much.
B.They were worried about him.
C.They thought he was troublesome.
D.They were unconcerned about him.
【小题4】In which part of a magazine might we find this text?
A.Arts.B.Lifestyle.C.Entertainment.D.Nature.

In a heartwarming rescue operation off the coast of Houston-Galveston, a U.S. CoastGuard team discovered an unexpected passenger during a routine inspection of shipping containers. The team, led by Petty Officer 2nd Class McMahon, were astonished when they heard barking and scratching coming from one of the containers.

As they cautiously opened the container, they were greeted by the sight of a small, furry face — a dog trapped inside the dark space. The dog seemed remarkably calm and happy to be liberated from her limited quarters.

“As soon as we opened it, we could see the little dog’s face poking out,” McMahon said. “She just seemed happy more than anything, to be out of that dark space and in the arms of people that were going to take care of her.”

Further investigation by Coast Guard officials revealed that Connie had been trapped in the container for at least eight days, deprived of food and water. The container, filled with deserted vehicles intended for overseas sales, had likely originated from a junkyard.

“So based on that, they think that the dog most likely was in a junkyard, in a car. And that how she accidentally got put in the container,” Chief Petty Officer Corinne Zilnicki said.

Grateful for being in the right place at the right time, McMahon expressed the urgency of the situation. “It would take at least another week to get to where she was going and two weeks without food or water. I don’t think she would have made it,” he said.

Forever Changed Animal Rescue has taken her in, diligently working to nurse her back to health and prepare her for adoption.

【小题1】What does the underlined word “liberated” in paragraph 2 mean?
A.Chained.B.Released.C.Protected.D.Inspected.
【小题2】Where did Connie probably stay before being loaded on a ship?
A.At a deserted parking lot.B.Off the local coast.
C.In an unusable vehicle.D.In a limited container.
【小题3】What might happen to Connie in the future?
A.Being sold overseas.B.Starving to death.
C.Living with a family.D.Being trapped in a junkyard.
【小题4】What can be a suitable title for the text?
A.An Unexpected PassengerB.A Touching Rescue
C.An Abandoned DogD.A Remarkable Team
Howling is a behavior commonly observed among a wolf pack. As pack animals, wolves work together to hunt and rely on howling as an important means of communication among each other. There are different explanations of a wolf’s howl and it appears that there may be more to discover.
One theory is that wolves howl to bond better together. It’s almost as if howling together helps the pack stay together. Perhaps it’s something similar to people feeling a sense of involvement with each other when singing a song together. But this theory may be wrong, explains Fred H. Harrington, a professor who studies wolf behavior.
Indeed, there have been times when wolves have been seen one moment howling in a chorus, and the next, quarreling among each other. It appears that usually the lowest-ranking members of the pack may actually be “punished” for joining in the chorus at times. So is howling a way to strengthen a social bond or just a way to reconfirm (重新确认) status among its members? —Why do wolves howl for sure?
What is clear, however, is that howling is often used among packmates to locate each other. Hunting grounds are distant and it happens that wolves may separate from one another at times. When this happens, howling appears to be an excellent means of gathering.
Howling, interestingly, is a contagious behaviour. When one wolf starts to howl, very likely others will follow. This is often seen to happen in the morning, as if wolves were doing some sort of “roll call” where wolves all howl together to report their presence.
【小题1】What is the possible similarity between wolves’ howling together and human’s singing in chorus?
A.The act of calling each other.
B.The sense of accomplishment.
C.The act of hunting for something.
D.The sense of belonging to a group.
【小题2】Why does Harrington think the “social bond” theory may be wrong?
A.Wolves tend to protect their hunting grounds.
B.Wolves separate from each other after howling.
C.Wolves sometimes have quarrels after howling together.
D.Wolves of low rank are encouraged to join in the chorus.
【小题3】Researchers are sure that wolves often howl to______.
A.show their ranks
B.find their companions
C.report the missing ones
D.express their loneliness
【小题4】The underlined sentence in the last paragraph probably means_______.
A.howling is a signal for hunting
B.howling is a way of communication
C.howling often happens in the morning
D.howling spreads from one to another

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