Recent studies suggest that people who suffer multiple brain injuries are at significant risk for developing chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), a brain disorder that causes a variety of dangerous mental and emotional problems to arise weeks, months, or even years after the initial injury. These psychological problems can include depression, anxiety, memory loss, inability to concentrate and so on. The majority of people who develop these issues are athletes who participate in popular high-impact sports, especially football.
Although new sports regulations and improvements in helmet technology can help protect players, amateur leagues, the sports media, and fans all bear some of the responsibility for reducing brain injuries. In response to the growing understanding of this danger, the National Football League (NFL) has revised its safety regulations. In an effort to diminish the amount of head and neck injuries on the field. NFL officials began enforcing stricter penalty calls for helmet-to-helmet contact, leading with the head, and hitting a defenseless player. Furthermore, as of 2010, if a player’s helmet is accidentally wrenched from his head during play, the ball is immediately whistled dead. It is hoped that these new regulations, coupled with advances in helmet design, will reduce the number of brain injuries, and thus curb further cases of CTE.
However, new regulations at the professional level cannot protect amateur players, especially young people. Deadly cases of CTE have been reported in victims as young as 21. Youth, high school and college leagues should also adopt safety rules even stricter than those of the NFL. Furthermore, young athletes should be educated about the serious dangers of head injuries at an early age. Perhaps the most important factor in reducing the number of brain injuries, however, lies not with the players,the coaches, or the administrators, but with the media and fans. Sports media producers have become accustomed to showcasing the most aggressive tackles and the most intense plays. NFL broadcasts often replay especially violent collisions while the commentators marvel at the players physical prowess. Some sports highlights television programs even feature weekly countdowns of the “hardest hits”. When the media exalts such dangerous behavior, professionals are rewarded for injuring each other on the field and amateurs become more likely to try to imitate their favorite NFL athletes. Announcers, commentators, television producers, and sportswriters should engage in a collective effort to cease glorifying brutal plays. In turn, fans should stop expecting their favorite players to put their lives on the line for the purposes of entertainment.
【小题1】Based on information in the passage, it can be inferred that all of the following statements are true except that____________.A.brain injuries can lead to various mental and emotional problems |
B.NFL officials have done little to address the problem of CTE |
C.it is not enough to adopt new regulations to reduce brain injuries at the professional level |
D.sports media is to blame for encouraging brutal plays that often result in brain injuries |
A.inconsistent application of safety regulations for all levels. |
B.lack of education about the dangers of head injuries. |
C.amateur players’ desire to imitate professionals. |
D.the adoption of stricter safety rules by youth, high school, and college leagues. |
A.praises |
B.criticizes |
C.shows |
D.mentions |
A.share his knowledge about CET caused by brain injuries |
B.warn his readers against playing football to avoid brain injuries |
C.call public attention to the new regulations adopted by NFL |
D.convey his ideas about the problem of CET |
It’s now a lot easier — and cheaper — for many hard-of-hearing Americans to get help. Hearing aids can now be sold without a prescription from a specialist. Over-the-counter, or OTC, hearing aids started hitting the market in October at prices that can be thousands of dollars lower than prescription hearing aids. About 30 million people in the United States deal with hearing loss, according to the Food and Drug Administration. But only about 20% of those who could use a hearing aid seek help. Here’s a closer look:
Who might be helped:
The FDA approved OTC hearing aids for adults with mild-to-moderate hearing loss. That can include people who have trouble hearing phone calls or who turn up the TV volume loud enough that others complain. It also can include people who have trouble understanding group conversations in noisy places. OTC hearing aids aren’t intended for people with deeper hearing loss, which may include those who have trouble hearing louder noises, like power tools and cars.
Hearing test:
Before over-the-counter, you usually needed to get your hearing tested and buy hearing aids from a specialist. That’s no longer the case. But it can be hard for people to measure their own hearing. You can still choose to see a specialist just for that test, which is often covered by insurance, and then buy the aids on your own. There also are a number of apps and questionnaires available to determine whether you need help.
Who’s selling:
Several major retailers now offer OTC hearing aids online and on store shelves. Walgreens drugstores, for example, are selling Lexie Lumen hearing aids nationwide for $799. Walmart offers OTC hearing aids ranging from about $200 to $1,000 per pair. Its health centers will provide hearing tests. The consumer electronics chain Best Buy has OTC hearing aids available online and in nearly 300 stores.
The cost:
Most OTC hearing aids will cost between $500 and $1,500 for a pair, though some may run up to $3,000.
【小题1】Who will not be helped by the hearing aids?A.David who is unable to hear the noise of power tools. |
B.Jack who can’t make out regular phone calls clearly. |
C.Messy who need to turn up the TV volume louder than others do. |
D.Poppy who can’t understand group conversations in noisy places. |
A.OTC hearing aids are only available online. |
B.The prices of OTC hearing aids vary considerably. |
C.Hearing tests will be provided at every selling spot. |
D.OTC hearing aids offered by Walmart are the most expensive |
A.Economy | B.Health | C.Sports | D.Entertainment |
This booklet, prepared by the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), provides an overview on depression. It will help you learn the things that everyone should know about depression.
This booklet is intended for informational purposes only and should not be considered a guide for making medical decisions. For more information on depression, please visit the NIMH website at www.nimh.nih.gov.
1. Depression is a real illness.
Sadness is something we all experience. It is a normal reaction to difficult times in life and usually passes with a little time. When a person has depression, however, it interferes with daily life and normal functioning. Doctors call this condition “depressive disorder.” It is a real illness. Many factors may play a role in depression.
Causes of Depression
(1) Genetics, brain biology and chemistry
(2) Life events such as trauma, loss of a loved one
(3) A difficult relationship
(4) Early childhood experience
(5) Chronic illness, drug and alcohol abuse
(6) Any stressful situation
2. Depression affects people in different ways.
Not everyone who is depressed experiences every symptom. Some people experience only a few symptoms; others have many. The seriousness and frequency of symptoms, and how long they last, vary depending on the individual and the stage of the illness.
Symptoms of Depression
(1) Feelings of guilt, sadness, worthlessness, helplessness or hopelessness
(2) Loss of interest or pleasure in hobbies and activities
(3) Difficulty concentrating, remembering, making decisions
(4) Persistent aches or pains
(5) Insomnia
(6) Appetite and/ or weight changes
(7) Consistent fatigue and decreased energy
(8) Thoughts of death or suicide, suicide attempts
3. Depression is treatable.
Depression, even the most serious cases, can be treated. The earlier treatment begins, the more effective it will be.
Dealing With Depression
Reach out and stay connected: Make real-life communication a priority! Spend time with other people and confide in a trusted friend or relative. Let them help you.
Try to be active and exercise: Aim for at least 30 minutes of exercise every day. This does not have to be all at once. A ten-minute walk can improve your mood for two hours.
Eat a healthy and mood-boosting diet: Reduce foods that contain caffeine, alcohol, trans fats, and foods with high levels of chemical preservatives as well as sugars.
Get a daily dose of sunlight: Sunlight can help improve your mood. Whenever possible, get outside during daylight hours and expose yourself to the sun.
Challenge negative thinking: Nothing is as bad as it seems at first. Try to move your focus away from concentrating on what is bad in your life.
Find professional help: If none of the above tips help, do not wait for the symptoms to disappear. Seek professional help.
4. You are not alone.
In addition to your treatment, you could also join a support group. At the meetings, people share experiences, feelings, information, and coping strategies for living with depression.
Depression Around the World
Nearly seven percent of American teens and adults are currently living with depression.
About 300 million people around the world are suffering from depression.
【小题1】According to the article, depression is NOT something that ______.① makes a person feel a little bit sad
② always has a clear cause
③ a person can get rid of
④ happens to a small group of people
A.①②③ | B.①②④ |
C.①③④ | D.②③④ |
A.A teenager who frequently complained of stomachaches before going to school and preferred to stay in her room alone. |
B.A firefighter who had a sleepless night after a tough task. |
C.A mother who felt really exhausted after helping her child with her homework. |
D.An old man who had no appetite for his favorite food and decided to try a new diet. |
A.make an overseas trip all by himself |
B.stay at the gym and work out day and night |
C.concentrate on the negative feelings and try to overcome them |
D.take professional advice and accept medical intervention |
Tamiflu does not kill but prevents H1N1 from further proliferation (繁衍) till the virus limits itself in about 1-2 weeks (its natural cycle).H1N1, like other Influenza A viruses, only infects the upper respiratory tract and proliferates (only) there.The only way of entry are the nostrils(鼻孔) and mouth/ throat.In a global epidemic of this nature, it's almost impossible not coming into contact with H1N1.
Contact with H1N1 is not so much of a problem as proliferation is.
While you are still healthy and not showing any symptoms of H1N1 infection, in order to prevent proliferation, some very simple steps can be practiced:
1.Frequent hand-washing.
2."Hands-off-the-face" approach.Resist all temptations to touch any part of face (unless you want to eat or bathe).
3.Gargle(漱口) twice a day with warm salt water (use Listerine if you don't trust salt).H1N1 takes 2-3 days after initial infection in the throat/ nasal cavity to proliferate and show characteristic symptoms.Simple gargling prevents proliferation.In a way, gargling with salt water has the same effect on a healthy individual that Tamiflu has on an infected one.Don't underestimate this simple, inexpensive and powerful preventative method.
4.Similar to 3 above, clean your nostrilsat least once every day with warm salt water,Which is very effective in bringing down viral population.
5.Strengthen your natural immunity with foods that are rich in Vitamin C .If you have to supplement with Vitamin C tablets, make sure that it also has Zinc to boost absorption.
6.Drink as much of warm liquids as you can.Drinking warm liquids has the same effect as gargling, but in the reverse direction.They wash off proliferating viruses from the throat into the stomach where they cannot survive, proliferate or do any harm.
7.All these are simple ways to prevent, within means of most households, and certainly much less painful than to wait in long queues outside public hospitals.
【小题1】What part of a person’s body do H1N1flu viruses mainly infect?A.one’s lung | B.the upper respiratory tract |
C.one’s heart | D.one’s throat and lung |
A.touching | B.diet | C.breathing | D.dirt |
A.assign too low a value to |
B.drop the cost of |
C.pay more attention to |
D.calculate the number of money |
A.telling an interesting story | B.testing an idea by reasoning |
C.introducing some practical methods | D.describing some activities in a natural order |
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