For all the importance we place on words, whether spoken or written, much of the communicating we do regularly comes through body language. According to pioneering research by Dr. Albert Mehrabian, only 7 percent of the meaning we get from human communication comes from the actual spoken words used. An additional 38 percent comes from tone of voice while a large 55 percent comes from body language alone.

Researchers have long identified that certain kinds of body movements and facial expressions can communicate information about the emotions we happen to be experiencing at the time. But are these emotional signals shaped by different cultures or are they universal to all humans?

A new research article published in the journal Emotion attempts to answer this question through a cross-cultural study. The researchers traveled to Ratanakini, Cambodia to study members of a distant Kreung hill tribe (部落). Living in Cambodia’s highlands, the Kreung are still largely remote from the outside world except for occasional visitors. They have yet to be assimilated (被同化) as many other societies have been.

In the study, a set of videos were prepared featuring an American woman, displaying three positive emotions (happiness, love, and pride) and three negative emotions (anger, fear, and sadness) using body language alone. The effectiveness of these videos was tested using thirty-four American participants. The videos were then presented to twenty-six Kreung individuals (eleven of whom were female). They were asked to describe the emotions being displayed in their own words.

Results showed that the Kreung participants tended to be quite accurate in guessing which emotions were being presented. The overall accuracy rate was sixty-two percent though their accuracy in detecting specific emotions such as anger and happiness was far higher. Overall, there was no significant discrepancy between Kreung and American raters in detecting emotions, though American participants did much better in detecting pride and love.

Still, the study does suggest that body movements can express emotions such as anger, fear, sadness, and love even for individuals belonging to different cultures. Emotional signals reflect basic human needs and desires that all humans share. Learning more about how basic biology and social factors shape the way we communicate may well be essential in helping to understand ourselves better.

When people go to the hospital to have a medical examination, sometimes doctors will ask them   to   have   an X-ray or   CT. What about a PET? PET stands for Positron Emission.

Tomography（正电子成像素）. PET scanner（s   扫描仪）create 3-D images of what is happening in the body. Scientists are devloping this medical equipment that could tell them more about the human body, and help them develop more-effective treatments for cancer, heart disease and brain disorders. It would be the world’s first full-body PET scanner.

Researchers are calling the large scanner that they are developing Explorer. It will give medical workers images of what is happening in the whole human body that have never been seen before. PET scanners now give doctors images of only parts of the body.

The U.S National Institutes of Health gave a research team at the University of California at Davis $ 15.5 million to build the scanner.

Ramsey Badawi, a professor at UC Davis, says the scanner will give researchers new information about how human organs （器官）work together.

“We’re a system of organs and all the organs interact with each other. And we’ve never really been able to get that with imaging before, and now we’re going to be able to look at that. These images help us find out and follow diseases. The new scanner will help us do that even better.”

Simon Cherry, another professor at UC Davis, says the PET scans can show the progress of both disease and medical treatments. “With PET scans we’re looking at function. We’re actually able to say something about what the cells in the body are doing. He says the Explorer uses a much lower amount of radiation（辐射）than today’s PET tests, and creates images more quickly. “So we can do scans in maybe 30 seconds that now take 20 minutes. Or we do scans under a very small radiation.”

A complete view could help researchers develop new medicines that target diseases and parts of the body. It could help doctors reduce harmful side effects by following the movement of medicines through the body.

Running and walking both offer their own unique benefits and risks. Here is something you need to know about the pros and cons (利弊) of each type of exercise - and which is best for your health goals.

●Running is better for weight loss than walking.

Both walking and running can help you lose weight. 【小题1】. A 2008 analysis found that people only lost small amounts of weight — about 0.1 pound per week — by walking. On the other hand, a large 2013 study found that people lost significantly more weight by running than walking.

●Walking is safer than running

【小题2】, it makes you face a greater risk of injury than walking. In fact, walking has less than a third of the injury risk of running. About 60% of runners will experience an injury that prevents them from doing the activity.

● 【小题3】 ?

Overall, both walking and running can help you achieve the recommended amount of exercise. There is no right choice for which is better for your health. Rather, deciding between walking and running depends on your unique goals and risk factors. For example, if you are older or have joint problems, walking may be the better option for you. However, if you’re pressed for time, running might be the more practical choice.

●Try the run-walk-run method.

The run-walk-run method involves alternating between running for a certain amount of time and walking for a set number of minutes. For example, you can run for two minutes and walk for one minute, or run for four minutes and walk for one minute. 【小题4】

After reading what is mentioned above, you may be able to choose the right type of exercise now. 【小题5】, what matters is that you make the time to exercise. It’s also important to always challenge yourself to be healthier.