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The world itself is becoming much smaller by using modern traffic and modern communication means. Life today is much easier than it was hundreds of years ago, but it has brought new problems. One of the biggest problems is pollution. To pollute means to make things dirty. Pollution comes in many ways. We see it, smell it, drink it and even hear it.

Man has been polluting the earth.The more people,the more pollution.Many years ago,the problem was not so serious because there were not so many people.When the land was used up or the river was dirty in one place,man moved to another place.But this is no longer true.Man is now slowly polluting the whole world.

Air pollution is still the most serious.It’s bad for all living things in the world,but it is not the only one kind of pollution. Water pollution kills our fish and pollutes our drinking water. Noise pollution makes us angry more easily.

Many countries are making rules to fight pollution. They stop people from burning coal in houses and factories from putting dirty smoke into the air. Pollution by SO2 is now the most dangerous kind of air pollution.It is caused by heavy traffic.We are sure that if there are fewer people driving,there will be less air pollution.

The earth is our home. We must take care of it.That means keeping the land,water and air clean.And we must take care of the rise in pollution at the same time.

【小题1】What makes our world become much smaller?
A.Science development.B.The rise in population.
C.The pollution on the earth.D.The strong wind.
【小题2】What was life like hundreds of years ago?
A.It was much easier than today.B.It was much harder than today.
C.It was the same as today.D.It was hard to describe.
【小题3】What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 1 mean?
A.Rubbish.B.Water pollution.
C.Air pollution.D.Noise pollution.
【小题4】According to the text, how can we reduce pollution?
A.Making rules to fight pollution.B.Drinking as little water as possible.
C.Stop buying new things.D.Only walking to work.
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No doubt that humans have widely changed, developed, and exploited (开发) much of the natural world for our own ends. But how much of the land surface remains free of our often-harmful influence?

In a new study, scientists compared figures from four different sets of data using different kinds of methods and classification (分类) systems to answer this question. On average, the researchers say roughly half (48 to 56 percent) of the world’s land shows “low” influence of humans. While the figures may inspire many—stressing the vast expanse of significantly untouched lands that can still be protected through conservation measures—the study also shows just how much of the Earth has already been occupied and used by humans.

In fact, only about a quarter (20 to 34 percent) of the planet’s ice-free land surface shows “very low” signs of human influence, the researchers say, and the parts of the planet that we have left alone up until now constitute (构成) some of the least livable places on Earth. In other words, whether through urbanization, forestry, agriculture or other means, humans have applied the most influence on biodiverse land that presented ripe and easy opportunities for immediate human needs; in contrast, roasting deserts in the world’s hottest places, or frozen wastelands in its coldest spots, have been ignored.

Even so, the researchers say the results shown here give us a strong, clear marker that we can use to help structure existing and future conservation efforts by preventing disturbance on existing low influenced areas, meanwhile, recovering areas for conservation in land that has already been exploited too much.

“The encouraging takeaway from this study is that if we act quickly and decisively (果断地), there is a slim window in which we can still conserve roughly half of the Earth’s land in a relatively untouched state,” says biologist and lead author of the study, Jason Riggio.

There’s a chance, right now, to draw a line in the sand, and say “no more”.

【小题1】Why was the new study carried out?
A.To find out why humans exploit nature.
B.To figure out the land free from human influence.
C.To prove humans are harmful to nature.
D.To clarify the Earth is not occupied by humans completely.
【小题2】Which places are influenced most by humans?
A.Woodless lands.B.Ice-free lands.
C.Places with biodiversity.D.Places with warmth.
【小题3】What can we do based on the research?
A.Make use of the unlivable area through different means.
B.Remove the influence on the previous disturbed area.
C.Attempt to have no bad effect on the “untouched” land.
D.Reconstruct the overexploited land with forest and agriculture.
【小题4】What’s the writer’s attitude towards the untouched land?
A.It should be urbanized immediately.B.It should be covered with plants.
C.It should be free from humans and animals.D.It should be undisturbed and preserved.

The Eurotunnel is a tunnel(隧道) which crosses the Channel under the sea, linking France and the UK. It is about 50.5 km long and 38km lies under the seabed. There are trains which carry passengers and cars, and others which carry carriages or other heavier vehicles(车辆), as well as goods.

The construction of the tunnel started in 1986, with a cost of almost 10 billion pounds. It was opened in 1994 but was not financially successful until 2007, because of the high interest rates (利率) the company had to pay the banks, as well as low earnings from passengers and goods.

The Eurotunnel is a very convenient way of traveling between the two countries as the journey is quick (less than one hour), cheap, and comfortable. You can go with your car, motorbike or bike. The tunnel operates every day, round the clock. At the busiest times there are up to three shuttle departures (班次) per hour. There are facilities(设施)for disabled passengers and for babies at the two terminals (终点站).

The Eurotunnel, also commonly known as the Channel Tunnel, Eurochannel and Eurochunnel is environmentally friendly. It perfects its sources of energy through its use of renewable energy with the result that, by 2008, it had reduced its greenhouse gas emissions(排量) by 45%. In addition, 50% of the waste produced is recycled.

The future of the Eurotunnel seems promising, although some people who have the fear of enclosed(与外界隔绝的)spaces will never use this type of transportation. There have been some problems with snow storms like the one in the winter of the 2009 which have made the services stop for a period of time, leaving passengers in the tunnel for more than 15 hours without light, heating, food or drink, inside an unmoving train under the sea. Some of the passengers reacted very badly and decided not to use this means of transport again.

【小题1】Why was the Eurotunnel not financially successful at first? ______.
A.It was free for passing trains
B.Many people disliked it
C.Its operating cost was very high
D.It was heavily in debt
【小题2】What is Paragraph 3 mainly about? ______.
A.The wonderful design of the Eurotunnel
B.A traveling guide to the Eurotunnel
C.The advantages of the Eurotunnel
D.An introduction of the Eurotunnel’s equipment
【小题3】We can learn from the text that the Eurotunnel ______.
A.used environmentally friendly energy
B.was completely built under the seabed
C.was designed for passenger trains only
D.operated successfully without any accident
【小题4】What is the author’s attitude towards the Eurotunnel? ______.
A.CautiousB.Optimistic
C.NegativeD.Doubtful

For environmental reasons, Britain will ban all new petro-and diesel-powered vehicles from its roads beginning in 23 years, a government report says.

The plan, expected Wednesday, aims to start removing petrol and diesel engines in 2040. It follows a similar official statement in France and comes after the British government was ordered by the High Court to develop new plans to reduce NO2 in the air. Judges ruled that previous clean-air plans were not enough to meet European Union pollution limits in the coming years.

Britain’s government has said the poor air quality has an unnecessary and avoidable negative effect on citizens’ health, and costs up to $ 3.5 billion in annual lost productivity.

Part of the new plan involves an offer of $ 260 million to local governments to change rules where vehicle emissions(排放) are over EU standards. Ideas so far include changing road layouts, reprogramming traffic lights and charging a fee for the oldest and most polluting cars on the road.

The plan also includes $1.3 billion for government purchase of extreme-low-emission vehicles, nearly $ 130 million to improve infrastructure for electric vehicle charging stations and $ 378 million for remodeling existing vehicles.

Climate change is also a reason for the plan to get these vehicles off the road. “We can’t carry on with petrol and diesel cars,” Environment Secretary Michael Gove said. “It’s important we all prepare for a significant change which deals not just with the problems of health caused by emissions, but the broader problems caused in terms of accelerating climate change.”

Gove added that local communities are partly responsible for coming up with ways to limit emissions, including possible limitations on commuters(上下班往返者) and the addition of cleaner mass transportation options. Local leaders are called on to draw up “appropriate plans” to deal with climate challenges related to emission, he said.

【小题1】Why does the British government decide on this ban?
A.To focus on its citizens’ health.B.To respond to the court’s request.
C.To promote solar energy in transport.D.To follow in France’s footsteps.
【小题2】Which measure may the British government take to achieve its plan?
A.To follow in France’s footsteps.
B.Removing old and high-emission vehicles.
C.Spending some money on electric vehicles.
D.Changing the way roads are arranged.
【小题3】What can be inferred from Gove’s words?
A.Convenient public transportation is badly needed.
B.United efforts are required to achieve the plan.
C.Vehicle emissions are the key factor in climate change.
D.Petrol and diesel cars may hold back economic progress.
【小题4】What is the suitable title for this passage?
A.Practical ways to reduce vehicle emissions
B.The EU forces Britain to improve the poor air quality
C.Britain plans to take petrol and diesel engines off roads
D.Relationship between vehicle emissions and climate change

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