Nothing succeeds like success，as every parent of a straight A student knows，but trying to stress academic excellence by telling your child“You're so smart！”may be counterproductive．Why？According to a 2017 study，children who think their intelligence is fixed are less likely to pay attention to and bounce back(重整旗鼓) from mistakes than children who think intelligence can grow and change.

In the study，researchers looked at 123 children. The team assessed the children to determine whether they had a“growth mindset”(believing that you can work harder to get smarter)，or a“fixed mindset”(believing that your intelligence is unable to change)．They then asked the children to complete a fast-paced computer accuracy task while their brain activity was recorded. During the recording，researchers noted that brain activity stopped within a half second after making a mistake，as children became aware of their mistake and paid closer attention to what went wrong. The larger the brain response was，the more the child focused on the mistake. Based on the data，they concluded that children with a“growth mindset”were much more likely to have a larger brain response after making a mistake. While children with a “fixed mindset” were able to “bounce back”，only if they gave their full attention to the mistake.

For parents，the lessons are clear：Don't pay your children compliments that suggest that intelligence is fixed. If your children hands you an A^＋ score，don't say，“You're so smart！”Instead，say，“Wow，that studying really paid off！”or“You clearly mastered this material—way to go！”Note the effort，not the intelligence.

Besides，many parents shy away from addressing their children's mistakes，telling them“It's OK. You'll get it the next time”without offering them the chances to figure out what goes wrong. Instead，it's better to reassure your children that mistakes happen，and work to figure out where and how they make the mistake.

【小题1】Which of the following best explains “counterproductive” underlined in Paragraph 1?

A．Opposite.	B．Competitive.
C．Successful.	D．Unknown.

【小题2】How did the children with a “growth mindset” react in the study?

A．They made fewer mistakes.

B．They tried to avoid mistakes.

C．They had a smaller brain response.

D．They focused more on the mistake.

【小题3】What should be avoided according to the study?

A．Overstressing the intelligence.

B．Paying children compliments.

C．Addressing children's mistakes.

D．Offering chances to find mistakes.

【小题4】What should parents say when children make a mistake according to the text?

A．You are so careless.

B．Your studying paid off.

C．You'll get it the next time.

D．Let's find out how you made it.