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The cancer death rate in the U.S. fell by the most on record as advances in treatments for lung tumors (肿瘤) like video-assisted surgery helped prolong the lives of patients.

The death rate from cancer has been gradually declining for 26 years, thanks in large part to fewer people smoking cigarettes. But from 2016 to 2017, the most recent period available, it dropped by 2.2%, the most ever in a single year, according to a report released Wednesday by the American Cancer Society. That compares with an average 1.5% yearly decline over the decade. The drop translates to roughly 2.9 million fewer cancer deaths than would have occurred had death rates remained at their peak. For lung cancer specifically, the death rate declined 4.3% annually from 2013 to 2017.

"It is really lung cancer that is driving this," said Rebecca Siegel, scientific director of surveillance research at the American Cancer Society, and lead author on the new study. "We found increases in survival for lung cancer at every stage in diagnosis.”, She attributed the lower deaths to improvements in treatments, including video-assisted surgery that enables more patients with early lung tumors to become eligible for operations; more precise radiation treatment; and better scanning technology that allows doctors to better assess the stage of tumor, so the patient gets the best treatment right away. At later stages of illness, new, targeted drugs that aim at specific disease-causing genes are helping patients whose tumors have those genetic flaws (缺陷).Overall, lung cancer death rates have dropped by 51% for men since their peak in 1990, and by 26% for women since their peak in 2002.

There's the potential for more progress in future reports. That's because the latest death-rate statistics go only through 2017, and likely don't include the potential impact in lung cancer death from immune-therapy drugs. They became widely used in lung cancer only in the past few years.

The report, based on U.S. government data, isn't all good news. Prostate (前列腺)cancer death rates have leveled off recently after a period of decline. That may be because many doctors pulled back on using the controversial prostate-specific antigen test, or PSA, which can spot the disease but can lead to over-treatment of men who may never have                                        died from their tumors.

"Though it was definitely causing harm, it was also contributing to declines in death," Siegel said. What's needed now is better screening tests to detect only the prostate cancers that will go on to cause harm.

Population death rates are considered one of the most reliable ways of measuring progress in cancer treatment and prevention. By contrast, cancer survival rates can sometimes be influenced by improvements in diagnosing tiny, early stage tumors that wouldn't necessarily be deadly.

【小题1】According to paragraph 2, ______.
A.cancer death rate reached its peak in 2017
B.death rate decreases over the past 2 decades
C.2.9 million people die of cancer in America every year
D.most of the cancer patients in America suffer from lung cancer
【小题2】We can learn from the passage that ______.
A.female death rate of lung cancer drops more than that of male
B.targeted drugs have led to rapid increase in cancer death rates
C.better scanning technology will lead to improvement in treating genetic flaws
D.improper use of prostate-specific antigen test can lead to over-treatment of men
【小题3】The underlined expression "level off” in paragraph 5 means ______.
A.remain unchangedB.show up
C.take offD.become sharp
【小题4】What might be the best title of the passage?
A.Medical Progress Prolonging Patients’ Lives
B.Cancer Death Rates Dropping at the Fastest Pace
C.Significant Improvement in Treating Lung Cancer
D.Advanced Technologies Applied in Cancer Treatment
2020·北京海淀·三模
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There are some sounds most of us acknowledge are annoying — the crunching of crisps, the noise of the air conditioning or a screaming baby. These noises, for many people, act as a mere inconvenience that can distract us from the task at hand. However, there are some among us who have a much more severe response to these noises. The question we ask today is: Has a noise ever made you feel so angry that you could explode with rage? If the answer is yes, you may be suffering from misophonia.

The word “misophonia” literally means “a hatred of sound” and is sometimes called Selective Sound Sensitivity Syndrome. There are some experts who doubt the existence of the condition. However, for those who claim to suffer from it, the experience can be traumatic. Certain sounds cause intense emotional or psychological responses that may seem over the top compared with a non-sufferer’s complaints.

The sound of a loved one chewing their food could trigger a sufferer’s anxiety levels, or cause them to panic. It may even activate their fight-or-flight reaction, making them want to flee. In extreme cases, that feeling of panic may result in extreme anger and end up with sufferers going crazy. Also, these conditions can lead to social isolation and the sufferers may feel cut off, according to James Cartreine, a clinical psychiatrist.

Sadly, there’s no known cure. However, tinnitus (耳鸣) retraining therapy, which helps people tolerate noises, may aid sufferers, while cognitive behavioural therapy and counselling could also help people manage the condition. Sufferers use coping strategies that include avoiding places with lots of noises, like restaurants, or moving away when they feel like hitting someone due to their breathing.

So, the next time you see someone fly into a rage because of a sound that is driving them crazy, it may be due to a difficult condition they are trying to manage, and not just because they hate a certain sound.

【小题1】What can annoying sounds do to non-sufferers of misophonia?
A.They take their attention away from what they’re doing.
B.They generate intense emotional responses among them.
C.They make sufferers doubt the presence of the condition.
D.They lead to some complaints and severe responses.
【小题2】What does the underlined word “traumatic” in paragraph 2 mean?
A.Physically painful.B.Emotionally disturbing.
C.Spiritually comforting.D.Mentally satisfying
【小题3】What can we learn about misophonia sufferers from paragraphs 3 and 4?
A.They can’t be able to manage misophonia.
B.They won’t be cured through medical treatments.
C.They may be angered by the feeling of being cut off.
D.They may panic over the sound caused by a loved one.
【小题4】Where is the text most probably taken from?
A.A news report.B.A health magazine.
C.A medical textbook.D.A psychologist’s notebook.

In the past few years, I have found mental illness has been a term largely avoided in conversation, and this has built a huge stigma against those suffering from depression, anxiety and other mental diseases. What’s worse, mental illness is only brought up when the news draw our attention to it, but then the conversation quiets until the next tragedy happens.

It’s time for the conversation to continue. Instead of waiting for the next tragedy, we need to be open about mental health and about the struggles that come with mental illness and treatment. We need to develop an environment where people feel comfortable to seek the help they need instead of concealing it.

It took a long time, but I am now open about my anxiety and depression. I am open about my taking medicine to treat my mental illness. I am open about the struggle of finding the medicine that works. I encourage everyone to do the same. Be honest and open with your conversations about mental health. The more comfortable people are with these conversations, the easier it will be for the conversation to continue. A continued conversation will lead to more ideas on treatment and more ideas on how to give help to those who need it.

We have the ability to help those we love and break the stigma around mental illness and change the idea that it’s something that needs to be cured. Mental illness can actually affect anyone, impacting one out of every four people.

In short, let’s keep the conversation about mental health and mental illness open. Be sure to check up on your friends, and be open about the importance of mental health. If you’re uncomfortable, share your story, which may let others know they are not alone. Just as Albus Dumbledore said, “Happiness can be found even in the darkest of times, if one only remembers to turn on the light.”

Therefore remember to turn on the light.

【小题1】What does the underlined word “stigma” mean in Paragraph 1?
A.consumptionB.shameC.statusD.invasion
【小题2】What’s the author’s tone in the first paragraph?
A.HumorousB.SeriousC.SupportiveD.Cheerful
【小题3】Why does the author talk about his own experience in Paragraph 3?
A.To introduce how the author’s mental illness have been cured
B.To tell us how important a comfortable conversation is.
C.To tell people what a bad experience the author once had.
D.To encourage those people with mental illness to talk about their problems.
【小题4】What does the author want to say with Albus Dumbledore’s words?
A.It’s good to talk with those lonely people.
B.People have a tendency to ignore mental illness.
C.One’s happiness can cheer up others in low spirits.
D.Care and sharing may help those with mental illness out.
【小题5】what can be suitable title for the text?
A.Shine a light on mental health
B.No conversations on mental health.
C.No tragedies caused by mental illness.
D.Seek ways to cure mental illness.
Blood: Water Mission

Blood: Water Mission is founded by the Grammy Award-winning band, Jars of Clay. 【小题1】 And Blood: Water Mission is one of them with a mission to help communities to fight against the HIV/AIDS and water crisis.

【小题2】 So Blood: Water Mission has launched the 1,000 Wells Project as a nationwide movement to raise enough money to provide clean water to 1,000 communities in Africa based on the equation (公式) that $1 provides one African with clean water for an entire year. 【小题3】 It includes a variety of clean water solutions and sanitation (卫生) training, as well as funding health clinics, which help in the prevention, treatment, care and support of communities affected by AIDS.

The results of our efforts paint a new picture in these communities. There has been a remarkable improvement in the water situation and community health. 【小题4】 Women and children no longer walk several miles a day to get water. Village leaders have the resources and training to bring sanitation and healthcare into their communities. Water-related diseases have disappeared. Those with AIDS are living longer lives.

【小题5】 In the process, we learn about how AIDS affects African communities. By connecting with the people in Africa, we are developing social responsibility. In the meanwhile, Blood: Water Mission’s movement engages Americans in social justice and thoughtful action.

It’s a beautiful story. We invite you to be a small part of a larger, beautiful story.

A.Clean water wells have been built.
B.Most children get the opportunity to go to school.
C.There is a vital link between HIV/AIDS and clean water.
D.Meanwhile, the 1,000 Wells Project has expanded along the way.
E.Blood: Water Mission has also created social effects in the United States.
F.Blood: Water Mission has developed a close friendship with these communities.
G.There are many projects providing much-needed assistance to African communities.

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