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British people work some of the longest hours in Europe, but are among the least productive. Now some companies are shortening the working week to increase efficiency, health and happiness.

Rich Leigh has introduced a four-day week at his PR company. In fact, his entire company has Friday off, because his firm has adopted a four-day week. It is one of several UK businesses that now operate like this: staff still get paid their previous five-day salary, but they work a day less. The company found that they achieved just as much-and there were even signs of growth. “The key to the scheme’s success,” Leigh says, “is how happy our employees now are.”

The average British worker takes only a 34 minute lunch break and works 10 hours overtime each week (more often than not this is unpaid). Yet UK productivity falls seriously behind their European neighbors, who tend to work fewer hours.

British working practices have caused loss and damage to the nation’s health and happiness. More than half a million workers in the UK were signed off with work-related stress or anxiety last year. Moreover, the work landscape itself is changing. Automation and AI will have a significant impact on the labor market, where unsteady work becomes more common.

Britain is the only EU member that allows workers to ignore the EU working time limit and work longer hours. For campaigners, now is the time for a change. O’Grady, an advocate, argues that where businesses have increased their profits (利润)as a result of automation, success should be shared with workers in the form of reduced hours. “It’s time to share the benefits from new technology, not allowing those at the top to grab them for themselves.” she says.

【小题1】We can learn from the passage that ________.
A.British people are the least productive in the world
B.Most companies in Britain have conducted a four-day week
C.PR company has witnessed a rise in employees’ happiness
D.British people work longer and get more payment than other countries
【小题2】Which is the proper description of British working practices?
A.The working time of British workers is within the EU limit.
B.In productivity, Britain is beaten by the United States.
C.Profits gained from new technology are on the decrease.
D.Automation and AI are likely to cause an unsteady work market.
【小题3】Which can be inferred from O’Grady’ s words in the last paragraph?
A.It’s time for employers to share the increased profits created by automation.
B.Workers should benefit from automation in the form of less working hours.
C.New technology should belong to both businesses and workers.
D.Businesses can’t make more profits without new technology.
【小题4】What is the author’s purpose of writing the passage?
A.To introduce some British firms’ switch to a four-day working week.
B.To explain the reasons why British workers suffer stress and anxiety.
C.To appeal for more reasonable working conditions.
D.To show the present productivity problem in Britain.
2019·辽宁·二模
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In colleges around the country, most students are also workers.

The reality of college can be pretty different from the images presented in movies and television. Instead of the students who wake up late, party all the time, and study only before exams, many colleges are full of students with pressing schedules of not just classes and activities, but real jobs, too.

This isn't a temporary phenomenon. The share of working students has been on the rise since the 1970s, and one-fifth of students work year round. About one-quarter of those who work while attending school have both a full-course load and a full-time job. Such jobs can also be critical for developing important professional and social skills that make it easier to land a job after graduation. With many employers looking for students with already-developed skill sets, on-the-job training while in college can be the best way to ensure a job later on.

But it's not all upside. Even full-time work may not completely cover the cost of tuition and living expenses. That means that though they're sacrificing time away from the classroom, many working students will still graduate with at least some debt. And working full time can reduce the chance that students will graduate at all, by cutting into the time available for studying and attending classes.

There is little reward for attending but not finishing college. Students who end up leaving school because of difficulty in managing work and class are likely to find themselves stuck in some of the same jobs they might have gotten if they hadn't gone at all. The difficulty of working too much while in school can create a cycle that pushes students further into debt without receiving any of the financial or career benefits.

【小题1】According to the passage, what is the reality of college students?
A.They throw parties a lot.B.They stay up late every night.
C.They work besides attending classes.D.They pay no attention to exams.
【小题2】What is the indirect cause of an increasing number of working students?
A.The need of developing social networks.
B.The lack of summer jobs for young adults.
C.The chance of finding a job after graduation.
D.The expenses of high tuition and living costs.
【小题3】What can we learn from the passage?
A.Working students are more likely to finish college.
B.Students can cover their college expenses through working.
C.Students receive a huge reward for managing work and class.
D.Working while attending school may not help students get career benefits.
【小题4】What is the best title for the passage?
A.The Difficulties of Landing a JobB.The Struggle of Work-School Balance
C.The Reward of Working While StudyingD.The Images of Working College Students

Like many people, you’re fascinated by the speaking profession. So was I. Ten years ago, I was teaching English as a second language to adult immigrants. I was looking around for a profession that would increase my income.

When my friend Danniel Star took a leave of absence from his teaching job, he started speaking to groups. He was getting paid more as a speaker than as a teacher and he insisted on his choice; Danniel’s first year as a speaker was a little lean(难以挣钱的)financially. When his leave of absence was over, his old employer called him in for a new opening for a position. Danniel called to call off the interview.

I thought he was crazy! I said, “Danniel, you know speaking is not a secure profession. It’s good to have something to fall back on!” And he said something that changed my life. He said, “Cathleen, when you have something to fall back on. You fall back!” It rang so true! I saw immediately and with a shock that the teaching job that I thought provided a financial cushion(缓冲)in fact was holding me back from pursuing(追求)my dreams.

A few months later, I vacated, packed up my belongings, kissed my grown kids and friends goodbye and moved to a different part of the country to try my luck as a writer or a speaker. It was a little nervous about making a decision in such an exciting way but I wanted to do it for a long time and finally it was sink or swim(决不沉浮)time!

Well, I didn’t have enough experience of business and had so much to learn about the speaking profession. I did everything the hard way and it’s one way to learn quickly. Finally, I could do what I loved to do. I’ve succeeded. I was happier because my health immediately improved along with my view on life.

【小题1】During his first year Danniel worked as a speaker he _________.
A.earned more than worked as a teacher
B.worked very hard and was successful
C.came across a lot of difficulties
D.didn’t earn too much money
【小题2】What does the underlined word “vacated” mean?
A.InsistedB.Continued
C.ResignedD.Persevered
【小题3】Which of the following can be the best title?
A.How to Avoid Making a Mistake
B.How to Stand Up Quickly
C.No Pains, No Gains
D.No Security, No Falling Back

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