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The sixth mass extinction is not a worry for the future. It’s happening now,much faster than previously expected,and it's entirely our fault,according to a study puhlished Mooday.

Humans have already wiped out hundreds of species and pushed many more to the brink of extinction through wildlife trade,pollution,habitat loss and the use of toxic substances. The findings published in the scientific Journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences( PNAS)show that the rate at which species are dying out has accelerated in recent decades.

Gerardo Ceballos González,a professor of ecology at the National Autonomous University of Mexico and one of the authors of the study,said approximately 173 species went extinct between 2001 and 2014. “173 species is 25 times more extinct species than you would expect under the normal extinction rate. ”he told CNN in an email. He and his team found that in the past 100 years,more than 400 vertebrate(脊椎动物的)species went extinct. In the normal course of evolution,such extinctions would have taken up to 10,000 years,they said.

Mass extinctions are just as severe as their name suggests. There have been five mass extinction events in the Earth’s history,each wiping out between 70%and 95%of the species of plants,animals and microorganisms. The most recent,66 million years ago,saw dinosaurs disappear. The past events were caused by catastrophic changes of the environment,including massive volcanic eruptions or collision with an asteroid.

The sixth mass extinction the one happening now—is different:scientists say it’s caused by humans. The researchers also said the current coronavirus(冠状病毒)crisis shows people’s recklessness(鲁莽)towards nature can seriously hurt themselves. Many endangered species are dying in large numbers due to the trade in wild animals and plants.

【小题1】What does the underlined word“toxic”in Para. 2 mean?
A.PoisonousB.Useful
C.AlternativeD.Environment-friendly

【小题2】How does the writer convince readers of the seriousness of the mass extinctions?
A.By listing reliable statistics.
B.By imagining a picture of the extinctions.
C.By mentioning some news from CNN.
D.By explaining the history of the extinctions.
【小题3】What is the purpose of the last paragraph?
A.To tell the difference between the fifth and sixth extinction.
B.To explain the cause of the coronavirus crisis.
C.To warn humans to get rid of their wrong actions.
D.To show the writer’s concern about the endangered species.
【小题4】What does this article mainly talk about?
A.The changes of the environment do harm to wildlife.
B.The sixth mass extinction is much faster than expected.
C.Mass extinctions are just as severe as their name suggests.
D.The current coronavirus has arisen from the illegal trade.
2020·山东滨州·三模
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In an industrial area close to Egypt’s northern coast, colored lights and nine huge shining artworks made of factory waste materials by seven recycling artists brightened the night.

The artworks, mostly made of wastes of iron, plastic and wood, are on display at the first edition of the Alamein Art Festival. The festival being held at an industrial park owned by Industrial Development Group (IDG) in the Mediterranean resort city of New Alamein was organized by Art D’Egypte, an Egyptian platform for art and heritage.

“The one-month festival, which kicked off on Thursday, seeks to promote the concept of environmental sustainability (持续性) through art,” said Nadine Abdel-Ghaffar, founder of Art D’Egypte and chief organizer of the festival. “Through their eco-friendly art installations (装置), Egyptian contemporary artists call on people to be aware of protecting the environment and the climate.”

One of the artworks on display features two large leaves standing side by side inside two opposing metal frames, looking like two pages of an open book. “It sends a message to factories that the materials they regard as wastes can be used for good purposes by artists in creating artworks, which can make a place more beautiful, “said experienced Egyptian sculptor Omar Tossoun and explained how he created his sculpture A Leaf.

In the center of the open-air exhibition area, visitors’ attention is drawn to a colorful 6-meter-tallshining object that looks like a jellyfish. It took two months for Marwa Magdy to finish the artwork called Jellyfish, which took half a ton of wasted iron.

Visitors have been impressed by the concept of recycling waste materials into artworks. “If you look around, the artists have really done very nice works. It is such a brilliant idea to use something that otherwise would be discarded and make it into a beautiful piece of art,” said Yehia Hamad, one of the visitors.

【小题1】What can we know about the Alamein Art Festival?
A.It lasts about two months.
B.It isn’t popular with visitors.
C.Its artworks were created by 9 artists.
D.Its artworks were made of factory waste materials.
【小题2】Who organized the festival?
A.Nadine Abdel-Ghaffar.B.Omar Tossoun.
C.Marwa Magdy.D.Yehia Hamad.
【小题3】What does the underlined word “discarded” in the last paragraph mean?
A.Recycled.B.Thrown away.C.Bought.D.Fixed up.
【小题4】What’s the best title of the text?
A.Omar Tossoun: An Experienced Artist
B.Alamein Art Festival: An Important Festival
C.Recycling Artists Turn Factory Waste into Artworks
D.Huge Shining Artworks Attract World’s Attention

Ensuring that your home is as energy-efficient as it can possibly be is essential. Take the steps listed below, and you’ll be living in an energy-efficient home in no time.

【小题1】 To stop it in its tracks, you must invest in having your house insulated (隔热的). Taking such action may demand some cost in advance, but it will be sure to save you over £100 a year when it comes to your energy bills.

The old boilers (锅炉) are not as energy-efficient as the very latest models in this field. 【小题2】 By investing in a top of the line boiler, you’ll no doubt tap into a number of savings. What’s more, making this kind of investment will also be sure to lower your home’s carbon emissions.

Only when you know how much energy you use can you take action to be less wasteful and more resourceful in this instance. 【小题3】 To assist you in taking on this extremely important challenge, you might want to consider fitting an energy monitor in your home. 【小题4】 But if you’re lucky, your electricity provider will give you one for free. This monitor will provide you and your family with constant updates on the amount of energy you are using on a day-to-day basis.

With just twelve years (now seven years) to go until climate change alters earth forever, now is the time for you to play your part in protecting the planet that you live in. 【小题5】

A.The investment demanded in this instance is significant.
B.Taking such action will help you adapt to climate change.
C.Generally, this type of device will cost between £25 and £40.
D.It means you should try to keep track of energy consumption.
E.By putting the above advice into practice, you’ll be green soon.
F.Most of your home’s wasted energy will escape through your roof.
G.It might be high time to update yours if you haven’t done so for years.

One reaction to all the concern about tropical deforestation(砍伐森林) is a blank(茫然的)stare that asks the question,“Since I don't live there,what does it have to do with me? ”

The answer is that your way of life,wherever you live in the world,is tied to the tropics in many ways.If you live in a house,wash your hair,eat fruits and vegetables,drink soda,or drive a car,you can be certain that you are affected by the loss of tropical forests.

Biologically,we are losing the richest regions on earth when,each minute,a piece of tropical forest,the size of ten city blocks,disappears.As many as five million species of plants,animals,and insects(40 to 50 percent of all living things)live there,and are being lost faster than they can be found and described.Their loss is immeasurable.

Take rubber for example.For many uses,only natural rubber from trees will do.Synthetics(合成材料)are not good enough.Today over half the world's commercial rubber is produced in Malaysia and Indonesia,while the Amazon's rubber industry produces much of the world's four million tons.And rubber is an important material in making gloves,balloons,footwear and many sporting goods.Thousands of other tropical plants are valuable for their industrial use.

Many scientists strongly believe that deforestation contributes to the greenhouse effect—or heating of the earth from increased carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.As we destroy forests,we lose their ability to change carbon dioxide into oxygen.

Carbon dioxide levels could double within the next half­century,warming the earth by as much as 4.5 degrees.The result? A partial melt­down of polar ice caps,raising sea levels as much as 24 feet;even 15 feet could threaten anyone living within 35 miles of the coast.Unbelievable?Maybe.But scientists warn that by the time we realize the severe effects of tropical deforestation,it will be 20 years later.

Can tropical deforestation affect our everyday lives?Now,you should have got the answer.

【小题1】In the last paragraph the author tries to________.
A.tell people how to avoid the tropical deforestation
B.persuade people to buy something synthetic
C.show us how important it is to protect the tropical forests
D.let people realize the effect of tropical deforestation
【小题2】According to the passage,which of the following is NOT true?
A.The forests are losing their function in turning carbon dioxide into oxygen.
B.Many of our daily uses are related to the tropical forests.
C.Tropical plants can be used to make industrial products.
D.High carbon dioxide levels will make the earth warmer.
【小题3】The author's attitude towards the tropical deforestation is________.
A.puzzlingB.cold
C.supportingD.opposed
【小题4】Which of the following might be the best title for the passage?
A.Tropical Forests
B.Saving the Tropical Forests
C.Tropical Forests and Our Life
D.The Greenhouse Effects

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