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Do you believe that blood types can determine your personality? People in Japan take blood types very seriously, according to a recent BBC report. They have big implications for life, work and love. “What’s your blood type?” is often a key question in everything from matchmaking to job applications.

Last year, four of Japan’s top 10 best-sellers were about how blood type determines personality, selling more than 5 million copies altogether. Why is it such a popular belief that they determine one’s character? Taku Kabeya, chief editor, the publisher of one of the books, told The Huffington Post that he thought the appeal of these books comes from having one’s self-image confirmed. Readers discover the definition of their blood type and “It’s like ‘Yes, that’s me!’” A popular reason often given about the craze is that in a relatively homogenous (一致) society, it provides a simple framework to divide people up into easily recognizable groups. “Being the same is considered a good thing here in Japanese society,” translator Chie Kobayashi told the BBC. “But we enjoy finding little differences that distinguish people.”

As defined by the books, type As are sensitive perfectionists and good team players, but they tend to be over-anxious. Type Os are curious and generous but stubborn, while ABs are artistic but also mysterious and unpredictable. Type Bs are cheerful, but have eccentric (怪癖的), individualistic and selfish traits (特点).

The beliefs surrounding blood groups have been used in unusual ways. The women’s softball team that won gold for Japan at the Beijing Olympics is reported to have used blood type theories to design training for each player. Major companies reportedly make decisions about assignments based on employees’ blood types, for example, in 1990 the Asahi Daily newspaper reported that Mitsubishi Electronics (日本三菱电器) had announced the creation of a team made up entirely of A workers.

【小题1】What is the popular belief in Japan according to the passage?
A.Being the same is considered a good thing.
B.Blood types can determine personality.
C.Happy marriage is based on personality.
D.It is fashionable to buy top 10 best-sellers.
【小题2】What does the underlined word craze in the second paragraph probably mean?
A.Fashion.B.Behavior.
C.Attraction.D.Habit.
【小题3】Why did Mitsubishi Electronics hire so many workers with blood type A?
A.Because they are mysterious artistic and unpredictable.
B.Because they are perfectionists, good team players.
C.Because they are curious and generous but stubborn.
D.Because they are cheerful, but have eccentric traits.
【小题4】This passage is likely to be selected from a book of ________.
A.medicineB.teamwork
C.geographyD.culture
19-20高三下·陕西西安·阶段练习
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Britons may like to complain a lot, but they rarely do so right now, explains BBC writer Ruth Margolis. They would rather grumble(发牢骚) afterwards. This is because Britons hate to put someone out and cause any embarrassment. Margolis writes, “For instance, I'm much more comfortable just leaving that piece of raw chicken on my plate instead of complaining to restaurant staff. But beware: if this kind of thing happens when you're dining with Americans, they will most likely speak up on your behalf and not understand why you find this ashamed.”

In a BBC blog post comparing cultural differences between the UK and the US, Margolis mentions a few other things that Americans like to do that are offensive to Britons.

Not making introductions

Margolis says most Britons dislike this approach because “talking to strangers without being introduced gives them a stomach ache”. Americans rarely introduce a new friend to their friends at parties. Strangers are supposed to introduce themselves.

“Quite” good

Using “quite” to mean “very” happens a lot in the US. But if you are invited to a dinner party in Britain, don't describe the meal as “quite good” if you want to express high praise. To Britons' ears, “quite” detracts from the “good”: the meal was OK but could have been better.

Money talk

Americans can talk about money subjects for hours without feeling uncomfortable. For Britons, says Margolis, “Talking about how much we make is unthinkable—even less discussing our feelings.”

Over-politeness

“It's not that I want shop assistants to be actively rude. But neither do I want to expend energy responding to someone who's been paid to ask: ‘How are you today?’” says Margolis. In the US, it is not unusual to be greeted by a perfect stranger as “honey” or “sweetie”. But Margolis says Britons find affected friendliness, especially in stores, deeply irritating.

【小题1】Margolis’ dining experience in Paragraph 1 shows that               .
A.Britons are particular about food
B.Britons are not good at complaining
C.Americans usually complain directly
D.Americans complain more than Britons
【小题2】The underlined phrase “detracts from” in the text probably means “        ”.
A.differs greatly fromB.increases the quality of
C.reduces the strength ofD.draws attention away from
【小题3】What does the text mainly talk about?
A.How to get on well with westerners.
B.How to start conversations with Britons.
C.Ruth Margolis’ tips on public behaviour.
D.Some American habits that annoy Britons.
What’s on Calligraphic award

Lanting Xu, written by Wang Xizhi, is considered one of the greatest pieces of Chinese calligraphy. It inspired the China Calligraphers Association to launch the China Calligraphy Lanting Awards, the country’s top awards for the creation of and theory studies in calligraphy. An exhibition now at the National Art Museum of China shows such handwritten pieces by 19 artists who have received Lanting’s lifetime achievement awards, such as Qi Gong, Shen Peng and Ouyang Zhongshi. The exhibition runs until July 20 ( 9 am — 5 pm ).

Video art

Works by 17 pioneers in video art from China, Japan and South Korea are being shown at Refocusing on the Medium: The Rise of East Asia Video Art, organized by the Minsheng Art Museum in Beijing. It explores how video is reshaping artistic creation since the 1960s. It takes viewers to the past and the frontiers of video art, capturing the differences with film and photos as an independent form. Featured artists include Katsuhiro Yamaguchi, Nam June Paik, Yoko Ono and Chen Shaoxiong. The exhibition ends on July 15 ( 10 am — 5 pm ).

Landscape painting

Yin Zhaoyang rose to fame in the late 1990s as a leading figure among artists of his generation who expressed loss, hesitation and the cruelties of youth. He has developed a highly personalized approach to landscape painting, exploring the relations between individuals and society, history and the present. Rebuilding Ideals, an exhibition at the Tang Contemporary Art Museum, reviews Yin’s creation and methods of thinking over more than 20 years. The exhibition runs until July 7.

Mural (壁画) replicas

Murals preserved (保护) in grottoes (洞穴) and temples along the ancient Silk Road shows cultural exchanges between the East and the West over a long period. Art from the Silk Road, an exhibition at the China National Arts and Crafts Museum, shows replicated (复制) mural paintings from 23 caves and Buddhist (佛教的) temples, in some 1,600 kilometers along the ancient Silk Road and dated between the 4th and 14th centuries. It ends on July 31 ( 9 am — 5 pm ).

【小题1】Why was the China Calligraphy Lanting Awards launched?
A.To honour the calligrapher Wang Xizhi.
B.To offer an insight into the beauty of calligraphy.
C.To show some artists’ outstanding achievements.
D.To encourage the creation and study of calligraphy.
【小题2】Which museum will you go to if you are interested in revolution in art medium?
A.The National Art Museum of China.B.The Minsheng Art Museum.
C.The Tang Contemporary Art Museum.D.The China National Arts and Crafts Museum.
【小题3】What does the exhibition Art from the Silk Road mainly focus on?
A.Buddhist belief.B.Importance of the Silk Road.
C.Traditional eastern culture.D.Cross-cultural communication.

I grew up in Bensonhurst, Brooklyn. When the holiday decorations went up, there were houses on my block with trees lit up for Christmas in front yards and behind living room windows. I was born in a Jewish family. Even though I received eight presents for Hanukkah (an eight-day Jewish holiday in November or December), it just wasn’t fair. My friends had beautiful trees with lights and presents brought by a man in a red suit. I didn’t have a tree, and I lived in an apartment building, so I had no chimney(烟囱).

That year, some neighbors bought a Christmas tree, but it was too tall for their living rooms, They cut off the top and, knowing I wanted to celebrate Christmas, gave the top to my family. After my parents fell asleep, I opened a window in our apartment. I imagined Santa could park his sleigh(雪橇) on our fire escape. When I woke up the next morning, the window was closed and Santa had delivered a present. I can’t even remember what it was, but my memory of the morning lasts.

My relationship with Santa took a break until my daughter, Amanda, was born in 1992. My wife and I saw no reason to deprive(剥夺) her of meeting Santa. In 1998, a friend of mine portrayed(扮演) Santa at the South Street Seaport in Manhattan. He told me to stop by with my wife and daughter, and asked for their names in advance so he could greet them. When he saw us at the seaport, he greeted us by our names. My daughter’s mouth opened wide and she pulled back. Maybe she was too young to appreciate this. But other families waiting to see him seemed delighted by his appearance and the gifts he brought.

My two children are now grown up and do not visit Santa, and we do not have a Christmas tree, yet our family still enjoys the holiday. On Christmas Eve, in the spirit of the night, we leave a plate of my favorite cookies on the kitchen table in hopes Santa will leave a present.

【小题1】What was the young author’s wish?
A.Receiving many presents at Hanukkah.B.Visiting his friends at Christmas.
C.Celebrating Christmas at home.D.Living in a house with a tree.
【小题2】Why did the author open a window that night?
A.To let Santa deliver a gift.B.His parents asked him to do so.
C.His Christmas tree was too tall.D.To enjoy a Christmas night scene.
【小题3】What made Amanda pull back?
A.Meeting many people in Santa’s clothes.B.Being greeted by Santa by name.
C.Recognizing her father’s friend.D.Receiving gifts from Santa.
【小题4】What might the author’s family do now on Christmas Eve?
A.Visit Santa.B.Eat cookies.
C.Decorate a Christmas tree.D.Take pleasure from the holiday.
【小题5】What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?
A.To bring back his Christmas memories.B.To show his great love of holidays.
C.To share his family traditions.D.To introduce Jewish customs.

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