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One sheep, two sheep. Wait, why are we counting sheep again? Counting sheep to fall asleep is a method that seems to be as old as time. But have you ever stopped to think about why they’re sheep? Why not cats? Or dogs?

While the origin of why people count sheep to fall asleep has no exact root, there’re a few guesses. The most popular belief, according to Mental Floss, has to do with shepherds in Britain in Middle Ages. Apparently, if shepherds used communal grazing land (公共牧场), they were responsible to keep a headcount of their sheep each night So before going to sleep, they counted their sheep to ensure they were all accounted for.

But at least one book claims the link between sheep and sleep goes back even further, reports Mental Floss. “A chapter in Disciplina Clericalis suggests that counting sheep has already been part of certain cultures for centuries.”

So does counting sheep to fall asleep actually work? Apparently, you might want to seek other options first. “Involving the brain in a relaxing, repetitive task slows the mind, and stops our racing stressful thoughts from taking over,” says Hilary Thompson, a health consultant. “Unfortunately, counting sheep isn’t one of these helpful tasks. Researchers at Oxford University put it to the test and discovered that subjects who pictured running waterfalls and rivers could fall asleep more quickly.”

In addition to picturing something relaxing, breathing techniques also tend to be very effective sleeping aids. “I prefer to teach patients the breath work,” says Dr Elizabeth Trattner. “Breath in through the nose for a count of 4, hold for 7 and make a whooshing noise out for the count of 8. This breathing technique resets the body, and lowers both stress and anxiety.”

【小题1】Before going to bed, why did shepherds count sheep?
A.To learn to count numbers.
B.To help fall asleep quickly.
C.To make all sheep were there.
D.To play games with other shepherds.
【小题2】What can be inferred from the book Disciplina Clericalis?
A.Counting sheep has a long history.
B.The book was written for a long time.
C.Counting sheep was quite interesting.
D.The book describes life of shepherds.
【小题3】What is Hilary Thompson’s view on counting sheep?
A.It is helpful to sleep.B.It doesn’t work very well.
C.It increases sleep time.D.It makes mind relaxing.
【小题4】What is the best way to fall asleep quickly by Elizabeth Trattner?
A.Listening to soft music.B.Picturing water running.
C.Imagining relaxing things.D.Applying breathing techniques.
19-20高三下·河南·阶段练习
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Even smart people can make terrible decisions. Generally, it’s not because they spent time deliberating and somehow arrived at the wrong answer. 【小题1】 Below, we’ve listed some of the easiest traps to fall into, at the office and at home.

【小题2】

The siren call of your inbox can be hard to resist. Yet research suggests that switching between tasks — say, doing research and checking for new email — takes up to 40 percent longer than doing one at a time. Even when you think you’re being more productive by multitasking, you’re probably not.

Staying seated all day

Office jobs doesn’t contribute to getting a lot of physical activity. 【小题3】. A growing body of research suggests that even if you get up and move around for a few minutes several times a day, you’re improving your overall health.

Listening to music while you work

You might feel more productive when you listen to music while doing focused work — but you’re probably not really. In 2015, neuroscientist and musician Daniel Levitin, who cited a growing body of research suggesting that, in almost every case, your performance on intellectual tasks (thinking, reading or writing) suffers considerably when you listen to music.

Choosing foods that seem nutritious — but aren’t really

Don’t believe the hype — know the facts about your food. 【小题4】. For example, bottled juices and fast-casual smoothies might seem nutritious, when in fact they’re generally loaded with sugar and calories.

Staying up too late

Scientists have identified a common phenomenon they call “bedtime procrastination”: Failing to go to bed at the intended time, while no external circumstances prevent a person from doing so. For example, you keep watching one episode after another of a not-that-interesting TV show. 【小题5】. As Business Insider previously reported, in some cases sleep loss can be just as deadly as smoking. Turn off the TV and get ready for bed. You’ll be grateful tomorrow, and years later.

A.Constantly checking your email.
B.This isn’t just silly — it can be dangerous.
C.Keeping your phone off your desk at work.
D.It’s because they didn’t spend any time thinking at all.
E.But you don’t need to be up and about for hours at a time.
F.In a 2005 study, scientists make a list of foods that you think are bad for you, but aren’t really.
G.Business Insider’s Erin Brodwin put together a list of foods that you think are good for you, but aren’t and foods that you think are bad for you, but aren’t really.

If you're someone who looks in the mirror every day and concentrates only on any little flaws(瑕疵) , you're not alone. For many people, struggling with body image issues is a continuous battle.

How hostile the world is to unattractive girls became a trending topic on Sina Weibo in March. The topic resonated with many girls who shared their personal experiences. One internet user talked about how her friends would often cut her image out of group pictures because they thought she was too fat.

“My nose is not high enough, my chin is short and flat, and my eyes are small,” Tang Yuqi, a college student, told China Youth Daily. She doesn't even answer the door without putting on makeup first. “I just can't accept myself if I'm not wearing it,” Tang added.

What promotes this anxiety among young people?

As the country's economy has developed rapidly, people are more likely to be affected by what others think of them. Greater time spent online also means greater exposure to advertisements promoting “paper-thin waist” or “chopstick legs”. Such unrealistic ideals only further young people's anxiety and lead to an unhealthy mindset of perfectionism.

The anxiety over appearance and shape has pushed some people into physical and mental illness. According to Beat, the UK's leading eating disorder charity, the idealization of thinness is a key factor in worsening the illness and preventing recovery. Some people even go through surgery just to achieve what they believe society considers "beautiful".

But beauty doesn't come from a makeup brush or a thinner waist. Growing taller and having perfect skin isn't the solution to insecurity. The fact that every person is different is something to be celebrated.

【小题1】What does the underlined part “resonated with" in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
A.Hurt.B.Shocked.C.Was understood by.D.Was changed by.
【小题2】What's the main cause of young people's anxiety according to the text?
A.Beauty contests.B.Unrealistic perfectionism.
C.Economic development plans.D.Health product advertisements.
【小题3】What do some people seem to desire most according to Beat?
A.Thinness.B.Health.C.Plastic surgery.D.Social opinions.
【小题4】What does the author think the real beauty is based on?
A.Growing up safely. B.Accepting a difference.
C.A light makeup.D.A perfect appearance.

Shoppers around the world are crazy buying because of fears over the coronavirus(新型冠状病毒), which caused a critical plague in China and even other countries at the beginning of 2020. People in countries such as England, Japan, Singapore and Australia have been emptying supermarket shelves of toilet paper, face masks, hand wash products and dried and canned food. Photos and videos of shoppers in Australia quarreling over the last pack of toilet roll in a supermarket have spread across social media swiftly.

However, governments have advised their citizens that there is no need to "panic buy". They added that panic buying would only reduce the supply of products needed by patients and medical staff, which could exacerbate the problems the COVID-19 virus is causing. Singapore's prime minister comforted Singaporeans that: "We have enough supplies. There's no need to stock up." A week after the panic buying fever, things have calmed down and shoppers have gone back to purchasing items in normal quantities.

Psychologists say panic buying is an "unwise" behaviour that is part of a condition called FOMO一the fear of missing out. Dr. Katharina Wittgens said a herd mentality(从众心理)sets in during disasters that causes people to copy the actions of others. People watch the news of items being bought in quantity and immediately rush out to the stores to do the same. She said people were taking on too much the risks of dying from the coronavirus. She said: "Far more people die in car accidents or household accidents per year but we don't panic about these things in the morning before we go to work."

【小题1】What is the reason for shoppers in different countries crazy buying?
A.The approach of 2020 New Year's Day.
B.The shortage of resources and supplies in their nations.
C.The discount from supermarkets.
D.Their concern about the virus.
【小题2】What does the word "exacerbate" in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
A.releaseB.worsen
C.solveD.quicken
【小题3】What caused this behavior according to expert?
A.People think no one needs the supplies.
B.People do not believe what others said.
C.People tend to follow others' actions in the period of disaster.
D.People are wiser in making decisions.
【小题4】What can we learn from the last paragraph?
A.People should not panic over the virus.
B.People want to do something different from others.
C.People buy little when they go to the stores.
D.More people die from car accidents.

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