For the most part, it seems, workers in rich countries have little to fear from globalization, and a lot to gain. But is the same thing true for workers in poor countries? The answer is that they are ever more likely than their rich-country counterparts to benefit, because they have less to lose and more to gain.
Traditional economics takes an optimistic line on integration（整合）and the developing countries. Openness to foreign trade and investment should encourage capital to flow to poor economies. In the developing world, capital is scarce, so the returns on investment there should be higher than in the industrialized countries, where the best opportunities to make money by adding capital to labour have already been used up. If poor countries lower their barriers to trade and investment, the theory goes, rich foreigners will want to send to over some of their capital.
If this inflow of resources arrives in the form of loans or portfolio investment（组合投资）, it will top up domestic savings and loosen the financial restriction on additional investment by local companies. If it arrives in the form of new foreign - controlled operations, FDI, so much the better; this kind of capital brings technology and skills from abroad packaged along with it, with less financial risk as well. In either case, the addition to investment ought to push incomes up, partly by raising the demand for labour and partly by making labour more productive.
This is why workers in FDI - receiving countries should be in an even better position to profit from integration than workers in FDI - sending countries. Also, with or without inflows of foreign capital, the same gains from trade should apply in developing countries as in rich ones. This gains from trade logic often arouses suspicion, because the benefits seem to come from nowhere. Surely one side or the other must lose. Not so. The benefits that a rich country gets through trade do not come at the expense of its poor country trading partners, or vice versa, Recall that according to the theory, trade is a positive sum game. In all these trades, both sides -- exporters and importers, borrowers and leaders, shareholders and workers can gain.
【小题1】Why are workers in poor countries more likely to benefit from the process of globalization?| A．The can get more chances to gain a good job. |
| B．They have less to lose and more to gain. |
| C．They have nothing to lose. |
| D．They can get more financial aid. |
| A．It will top up domestic savings. | B．It will loosen the financial restriction. |
| C．It will push people’s incomes up. | D．It will bring technology and skills from abroad. |
| A．Poor countries get the most profit during the process of trade. |
| B．Rich countries get profit from trade at poor countries’ expense. |
| C．Poor countries get more profit from trade than rich ones. |
| D．All aspects involved in the trade can get benefit. |
