Over the centuries, people have created many ceremonies to accompany the consumption of their favorite drinks, tea and coffee. Just think of the Japanese tea ceremony, British afternoon tea, or the morning coffee ceremony in countless societies. Why are these drinks so popular? 【小题1】 In the modern world, the new caffeine “delivery systems” are canned energy drinks. And the more modern our world gets, the more we seem to need caffeine.

Most people don’t think twice about their caffeine intake. 【小题2】 So the widespread use of caffeine is now a cause for concern among scientist and public health authorities. One result of this concern is that you are not allowed to sell energy drinks in France or Denmark. And in other European countries, manufacturers have to label cans with warnings. The United States has no such rule. but many canned energy drinks sold in the USA carry warnings anyway.

【小题3】 Studies have shown it helps relieve pain and increases reaction speed. Despite this, a study in Ireland recommended that children shouldn’t drink energy drinks.

“For most of human existence, the pattern of sleeping and waking has followed sunrise and sunset,” explains Charles Czeisler, a neuroscientist(神经学家)at Harvard Medical School. “Then, the way we work changed from a schedule built around the sun to an indoor job timed by a clock, and as a result, humans had to adapt. Electric light, and caffeinated food and drink allowed people to follow a work schedule set by the clock, not by daylight or the natural sleep cycle. 【小题4】. Without enough sleep the human body will not function at its best, physically, mentally, or emotionally.”

According to Czeisler, the mode m desire for caffeine is a “Catch-22 situation”(左右为难)-【小题5】 But the main reason that people can’t stay awake is they don’t get enough regular sleep because they use caffeine.

Some things should just be common knowledge by now. The Earth isn’t flat. Nope, your hair and nails don’t grow after you die. The holes at the top of Bic biro pens are there so that, if you swallow one accidentally, you can still breathe and won’t choke to death. It’s debatable whether that last one there is common knowledge or not. A quick Google search of the fact, rewritten as a question, shows articles addressing this point going back several years, with the latest (re)appearing just this week over on ScienceAlert. We suppose it’s one of those things that come up from time to time, like what would happen if you attack Yellowstone with a nuclear weapon (not much, as it turns out).

If you jump over to Bic’s website, under their FAQs (frequently asked questions), it quite clearly states: "The reason that some BIC® pens have a hole in their cap is to prevent the cap from completely obstructing the airway if accidentally breathed in. This is requested by the international safety standards ISO11540, except for in cases where the cap is considered too large to be a choking risk."

That’s rather lovely of them. In appreciation of their want to not kill off their more clumsy customers, we thought we’d share a few more random facts about Bic that are probably going to come up in a pub quiz one day. Did you know, for example, that each Bic ballpoint pen can produce at least 2 kilometers (1.2 miles) of ink before it begins to run out? In fact, in 2018, 7,250 kilometers (4,505 miles) of writing tests on such pens were carried out on ballpoint pens, gel pens(中性笔), and rollers to make sure they worked to the highest standard.

The best part of the Bic site, however, is this rather curious fact: "100 percent of pen balls are made through a highly-controlled process." As opposed to a highly uncontrolled process, involving explosions and bouncy castles and total chaos, we suppose.

Temper tantrums(发怒)range from crying to screaming，kicking，hitting，and breath holding.They're equally common in boys and girls and mostly happen between the ages of one to three.

【小题1】 ，and others have them rarely.Tantrums are a normal part of child development.They are the way young children show they're upset or frustrated(沮丧的)．Tantrums may happen when kids are tired，hungry，or uncomfortable；or because they can't get something(for example，an object or a parent) to do what they want.【小题2】.

Tantrums are common during the second year of life，a time when language skills are starting to develop.Because young children at this age can't yet say what they want，feel，or need，a frustrating experience may cause a tantrum.【小题3】.

【小题4】 —more than they may be able to handle.This can lead to power struggles as a child thinks“I can do it myself” or“I want it，give it to me”．When kids discover that they can't do it and can't have everything they want，they may have a tantrum.

So try to prevent tantrums from happening in the first place，whenever possible.Give plenty of positive attention.Get in the habit of catching your child being good.Reward your little one with praise and attention for positive behaviors.Most importantly，keep your cool when responding to a tantrum.Don't complicate the problem with your own frustration or anger.【小题5】.So you need to be calm，too.