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2018 Human Development Report

HDI: Human Development Index(人类发展指数)

[1] Looking back over almost three decades (十年), human beings have made impressive progress. Across the world, people are living longer, are more educated and have greater living chances. The average lifespan(寿命) is seven years longer than it was in 1990, and more than 130 countries have improved their primary education.

[2] Although HDI values are rising, the rising rates differ greatly. South Asia was the fastest growing region over 1990–2017, at 45.3 percent, followed by East Asia and the Pacific at 41.8 percent. And the OECD(经济合作与发展组织) countries grew 14.0 percent. It shows gaps(差距) across regions are hopefully to be reduced.

[3] But HDI growth has also slowed in all regions, particularly in the last decade. Part of the reason lies in the 2008–2009 global food, financial and economic problems. But part is simply that as human progress advances, slower HDI growth is unavoidable. As more countries reach the upper limits of HDI, measures of the quality of human development become more central.

[4] Progress since 1990 has not always been steady(稳定的). Some countries suffered great losses or even setbacks due to wars, diseases or economic problems. For example, many countries in Eastern Europe and Central Asia saw their HDI values fall in the 1990s due to the fall of the Soviet Union(前苏联). Although faced with these challenges, countries in these regions recovered their losses and grew over the last two decades.

[5] In sum, there have been great advances in human development over the past few decades, especially in low human development countries since 1990. But some countries have suffered serious setbacks—sometimes paying the price of the gains of several decades. And the gaps in human development across countries, while narrowing, remain huge.

【小题1】What’s the present situation of people according to 2018 Human Development Report?
【小题2】The fact of different rising HDI rates gives us hope to ______.
【小题3】Compared with the HDI growth, what is more important?
【小题4】How do wars, diseases or economic problems affect human development?
【小题5】Which paragraph is the topic paragraph?
18-19高一下·山东威海·期中
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People have probably observed that stress level can rise due to a lack of typical psychological breaks they get in workplaces. Walking to the tea room to make a cup of coffee, stopping for a chat with one of your colleagues or discussing your plan with your leaders will help you. All of those actions are actually giving our brains an opportunity to recharge.

The workplace banter (打趣) could be worn out when you’re employed from home. The psychological breaks, however, are vital to maintain your stress at the lowest level, so attempt to copy these mini-breaks at home. Besides, you need a proper schedule for yourself. Otherwise, things go against your wishes. For example, one of my friends devoted herself to her business, ignoring her family and her own health. Though she has achieved a lot in her business, now she is in poor health and has a broken home and good-for-nothing children.

One of the toughest issues about working from home is setting boundaries. People tend to overwork at home because they often confuse work and home life. You can moderately end working at a fixed time and have time to get along with your family members. If you begin the day by bearing this in your thoughts, it's completely possible for you to stick to it. At home, you can do a bit of gardening or take a slow relaxing walk within your yard to help increase your memory and overcome depression. Even doing some arts and crafts, reading an e-book or baking a cake may also help. Anyway, you need to take yourself away from the computer screen for a superb couple of hours every day.

As the saying puts it, “Sharpening your knife won’t waste your time for cutting your firewood”. If you have good psychological breaks while working from home, your working efficiency will be improved. Besides, you’ll manage and lessen your stress and create a good family relationship.

【小题1】What cannot reduce people’s stress according to paragraph 1?
A.Making a cup of coffee or tea.B.Recharging your brain with new ideas.
C.Discussing your plan with your leaders.D.Chatting with one of your colleagues.
【小题2】Why do people tend to overwork at home?
A.They cannot fix their working time.B.The working efficiency is improved.
C.They want to devote themselves to their business.D.It is hard to balance work and home life.
【小题3】How can you take yourself away from the computer screen at home?
A.Baking a cake for your family.B.Taking a long walk in your garden.
C.Going to the library to read a book.D.Doing a lot of gardening and handcrafts.
【小题4】What’s the main idea of the text?
A.Ways to improve working efficiency.B.Ways to reduce stress in workplaces.
C.Ways to lessen stress when working at home.D.Ways to create a good family relationship.

In the past decade, the use of social media has grown in a way that no one could have guessed. It has turned some teenagers into celebrities (名人) and turned the famous into the infamous, overnight.

A key feature of social media, however, is its volatility. Trends come and go, disappearing almost as quickly as they appeared. So, what were the key social media trends of 2019?

Short video apps such as TikTok and its Chinese equivalent Douyin, took the world by storm. The Telegraph reported that TikTok was ranked 8th on Apple’s App Store in April. And Douyin had more than 300 million domestic monthly active users in June, CNBC said.

Why are these short videos — which are rarely longer than a few minutes — so popular? Jiang Yige, Singapore — based analyst at Feng He Fund Management, has a theory. Short videos are “just right to fill in the little gaps in our busy schedules”, he told CNBC.

These videos — apart from being very convenient — are important to teenagers because they allow them to express themselves, according to Teen Vogue.

The sense of community that users of short video apps get is another appealing feature. Liza Koshy, a user of the US app Musically who has over 2 million followers, said that she was thrilled when anyone said that her video had “inspired” him. “It’s really cool...because I think as short video creators that’s what we all expect.” she added.

Live streaming is another feature of our social media life that now seems as natural as sunrise. It’s a pretty neat idea: You can watch anyone, anywhere, live.

However, the boom in social media may be having side effects too. Fake news is one serious problem it arguably causes. Material shared on these platforms is often not checked for accuracy. The most basic content can be false and can sway users one way or another. We use social media all the time; that doesn’t mean that we understand the influence it is having on us. We should be mindful of both the time we spend on it and its impact on our minds.

【小题1】The underlined word “volatility” in Paragraph 2 possibly means “being ________”.
A.changeableB.steadyC.promisingD.violent
【小题2】According to Lisa Koshy, short videos are very popular because ________.
A.they are very convenientB.they help people kill time
C.they provide a sense of communityD.they allow people to express themselves
【小题3】What can we learn about social media from the text?
A.The information from social media is highly reliable.
B.When it comes to social media, people know short videos the best.
C.People can’t communicate with each other without social media.
D.There is still much room for social media to make improvement.
【小题4】What is the best title for the text?
A.Rapid Development of Social MediaB.Key Social Media Trends of 2019
C.Short Videos Taking the World by StormD.Live Streaming—New Feature of Social Media

“Snowplow (扫雪机) parenting” is the newest parenting style that can include parents booking their adult children haircuts, calling their college kids to wake them up so that they don’t sleep through a test, and even calling their kids’ employers.

“‘Helicopter (直升机) parenting’ means monitoring their kids’ every activity, which is out of date.” Claire Cain Miller and Jonah Engel Bromwich wrote in The New York Times. “Some rich mothers and fathers now are more like snowplows: clearing any problems in their children’s path to success so that they don’t have to meet failure or lose opportunities.”

There is a mother who started a charity in her son’s name to try to raise his chances of being accepted to the college. Another couple of parents spent years helping their daughter avoid foods with sauce, which she didn’t like. Once she got to college, she had problems with the food in her school because it was all covered in sauce.

A survey says that three-quarters of parents of children between the ages of 18 and 28 ask for doctor visits or haircuts for their children, and 11% say they would call their kids’ bosses whether their children are having an issue at work.

As reported, wealthy parents try to get their children into top colleges by giving a large amount of money to a school, such as paying for a building. This parenting has become the most popular way to raise children, whatever the income, education, or race is.

Julie, a teacher at Stanford, told the Times that “snowplow parenting” is not a reasonable approach. “The parents should prepare the kid for the road, instead of preparing the road for the kid,” she said.

【小题1】According to paragraph 2, “helicopter parenting”________.
A.was once a popular parenting styleB.clears problems for kids
C.encourages kids to care for themselvesD.is preferred by more parents
【小题2】In paragraph 3, the author tries to ________.
A.argue for the “snowplow parenting” style
B.give examples of “snowplow parenting”
C.explain the idea of “snowplow parenting”
D.offer some advice on “snowplow parenting”
【小题3】What does Julie mean by her words in the last paragraph?
A.Parents should be prepared to deal with the problems their kids meet.
B.Parents should never do anything for their kids until problems turn up.
C.Kids should develop the ability to face challenges with the help of parents.
D.Kids should always be independent of their parents no matter what happens.
【小题4】What’s the best title for the text?
A.Clear the Way for Your Kids
B.Have Your Eye on Your Kids
C.“Helicopter Parenting”—The Same Old Story
D.“Snowplow Parenting”—The More Help, The Better?

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